“…The development of PTSD in a subgroup of survivors, and the tenacity of the protracted disorder, suggest a long-lasting trauma induced neuro-behavioral alteration ( Pitman et al., 2012 ). Longitudinal studies examining multi-modal dimensions of the response to trauma (e.g., symptoms, cognitive functions, brain structure and functioning) are optimally suited to detect the underlying neuro-behavioral moderators of non remitting PTSD ( Ben-Zion, Artzi, Niry, Keynan, Zeevi, et al., 2019 , Ben-Zion, Fine, Keynan, Admon, Green, Halevi, Fonzo, Achituv, et al., 2018 , Pitman, Rasmusson, Koenen, Shin, Orr, Gilbertson, Milad, Liberzon, 2012 , Shalev, Liberzon, Marmar, 2017 ).…”