Neuroanatomical correlates of retrieval in episodic memory: auditory sentence recognition.

Tulving, Endel; Kapur, Shitij; Markowitsch, Hans J.; Craik, Fergus I. M.; Habib, Reza; Houle, Sylvain

doi:10.1073/pnas.91.6.2012

Cited by 416 publications

(227 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Right prefrontal activation is observed during retrieval tasks in general (Tulving et al, 1994) and can be interpreted as reflecting strategic search or post-retrieval processes supported by material-independent manipulation of representations implemented by working memory (Wagner, 1999), as has been illustrated by neuroimaging studies of working memory (Petrides et al, 1993;McCarthy et al, 1994;Cohen et al, 1997;Courtney et al, 1997). Consistent with the right prefrontal activation, neuropsychological studies have demonstrated that the right, but to a lesser degree than the left, frontal damage impaired temporalorder retrieval performance when verbal materials were to be remembered (Milner 1971(Milner , 1991.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Neural Correlates of Recency Judgment

et al. 2002

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The prefrontal cortex plays a critical role in recollecting the temporal context of past events. The present study used eventrelated functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and explored the neural correlates of temporal-order retrieval during a recency judgment paradigm. In this paradigm, after study of a list of words presented sequentially, subjects were presented with two of the studied words simultaneously and were asked which of the two words was studied more recently. Two types of such retrieval trials with varied (high and low) levels of demand for temporal-order retrieval were intermixed and compared using event-related fMRI. The intraparadigm comparison of high versus low demand trials revealed brain regions with activation that was modulated on the basis of demand for temporal-order retrieval. Multiple lateral prefrontal regions including the middle and inferior lateral prefrontal cortex were prominently activated. Activation was also observed in the anterior prefrontal cortex and the medial temporal cortex, regions well documented to be related to memory retrieval in general. The modulation of brain activity in these regions suggests a detailed pathway that is engaged during recency judgment.Key words: recency; prefrontal; memory; retrieval; context; fMRIThe prefrontal cortex has been implicated in several types of mnemonic functions (Stuss and Benson, 1986;Fuster, 1997). Among them is recollection of the temporal context of past events, an ability that has most often been tested using recency judgment paradigms in which two events are to be judged as to which has occurred more recently (Yntema and Trask, 1963). Since the initial report in Milner (1971), several neuropsychological studies of humans and monkeys have provided evidence that damage to the lateral prefrontal cortex impairs temporal-order retrieval and that the effect of damage is greater in retrieving the temporal order of past events than in retrieving the past events themselves (Shimamura et al., 1990;Milner et al., 1991;Petrides, 1991;Butters et al., 1994). Previous neuroimaging studies investigating recency judgment used this temporal-order versus item retrieval contrast and revealed prefrontal activation associated with temporal-order retrieval relative to item retrieval (Eyler Zorrilla et al., 1996;Cabeza et al., 1997Cabeza et al., , 2000.The contrast of the dichotomous temporal-order versus item retrieval is useful in detecting functional characteristics that are differential among particular brain regions, as is most typically used in the demonstration of double dissociation between regions. However, this approach leaves unspecified the brain activity related to temporal-order retrieval itself at a whole-brain level because, for instance, it is possible that brain activity common to temporal-order and item retrieval is subtracted out even when the activity is related to temporal-order retrieval. An alternative approach complements the previous approach and allows us to uncover the whole neural correlates of temporal-order retr...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Neural Correlates of Recency Judgment

et al. 2002

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“…Some evidence suggests that encoding (storage) and retrieval processes differentially engage the two sides of the brain. Several studies now suggest that the left prefrontal cortex is more involved with memory storage processes, and *' * ' that the right prefrontal cortex is more important for memory 6 0.7 0.8 retrieval (37,38). Consistent with this notion of asymmetrical lucose function, stimulation of the left AC alone is sufficient to modulate memory storage in rats (41), whereas the right AC in rats appears more involved than the left with memory retrieval (42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Amygdala activity at encoding correlated with long-term, free recall of emotional information.

Cahill

Haier

Fallon

et al. 1996

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

797

488

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Positron emission tomography of cerebral glucose metabolism in adult human subjects was used to investigate amygdaloid complex (AC) activity associated with the storage of long-term memory for emotionally arousing events. Subjects viewed two videos (one in each of two separate positron emission tomography sessions, separated by 3-7 days) consisting either of 12 emotionally arousing film clips ("E" film session) or of 12 relatively emotionally neutral film clips ("N" film session), and rated their emotional reaction to each film clip immediately after viewing it. Three weeks after the second session, memory for the videos was assessed in a free recall test. As expected, the subjects' average emotional reaction to the E films was higher than that for the N films. In addition, the subjects recalled significantly more E films than N films. Glucose metabolic rate of the right AC while viewing the E films was highly correlated with the number of E films recalled. AC activity was not significantly correlated with the number of N films recalled. The findings support the view derived from both animal and human investigations that the AC is selectively involved with the formation of enhanced long-term memory associated with emotionally arousing events.

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“…Interestingly, bilateral activations within the ACC, the FP, and in the frontal operculum have been associated with the retrieval mode in which incoming sensory information is treated as a “retrieval cue” for information stored in episodic memory (Lepage, Ghaffar, Nyberg, & Tulving, 2000; Tulving & Schacter, 1990). The retrieval mode has been shown to become activated in old‐new recognition judgments on whether an item has been previously presented (Lepage et al., 2000; Tulving et al., 1994). Thus, in view of our results, retrieval mode‐type processing might contribute to the processing of distorted sentences by treating these as retrieval cues that are compared to memory representations created during the processing of the intact counterparts of these sentences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive processing increases intelligibility of acoustically distorted speech: Behavioral and neural correlates

et al. 2017

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IntroductionWe examined which brain areas are involved in the comprehension of acoustically distorted speech using an experimental paradigm where the same distorted sentence can be perceived at different levels of intelligibility. This change in intelligibility occurs via a single intervening presentation of the intact version of the sentence, and the effect lasts at least on the order of minutes. Since the acoustic structure of the distorted stimulus is kept fixed and only intelligibility is varied, this allows one to study brain activity related to speech comprehension specifically.MethodsIn a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment, a stimulus set contained a block of six distorted sentences. This was followed by the intact counterparts of the sentences, after which the sentences were presented in distorted form again. A total of 18 such sets were presented to 20 human subjects.ResultsThe blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD)‐responses elicited by the distorted sentences which came after the disambiguating, intact sentences were contrasted with the responses to the sentences presented before disambiguation. This revealed increased activity in the bilateral frontal pole, the dorsal anterior cingulate/paracingulate cortex, and the right frontal operculum. Decreased BOLD responses were observed in the posterior insula, Heschl's gyrus, and the posterior superior temporal sulcus.ConclusionsThe brain areas that showed BOLD‐enhancement for increased sentence comprehension have been associated with executive functions and with the mapping of incoming sensory information to representations stored in episodic memory. Thus, the comprehension of acoustically distorted speech may be associated with the engagement of memory‐related subsystems. Further, activity in the primary auditory cortex was modulated by prior experience, possibly in a predictive coding framework. Our results suggest that memory biases the perception of ambiguous sensory information toward interpretations that have the highest probability to be correct based on previous experience.

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Neuroanatomical correlates of retrieval in episodic memory: auditory sentence recognition.

Cited by 416 publications

References 22 publications

Neural Correlates of Recency Judgment

Neural Correlates of Recency Judgment

Amygdala activity at encoding correlated with long-term, free recall of emotional information.

Predictive processing increases intelligibility of acoustically distorted speech: Behavioral and neural correlates

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