Neuroanatomical changes in Parkinson′s disease in relation to cognition: An update

Prakash, K G; Bannur, B M; Chavan, Madhavrao D; Saniya, K; Sailesh, Kumar Sai; Archana, R

doi:10.4103/2231-4040.191416

Cited by 36 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The analyses performed in this study were limited to the sensor-level (i.e., electrode data) and in the absence of subject-specific anatomical MRI data and care was taken not to over-stretch data interpretations towards the sources of neural activity. Future studies would benefit from anatomical MRI data for each subject or patient in order to reliably source the origins of neural activity especially as brain anatomy varies with age and stage of PD [ 61 ]. Lastly, both dual-task conditions required the subjects to share part of their attention to the ambulatory task with a second task, and difficulties in reallocating attentional resources could have contributed to the decrease in gait stability [ 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural predictors of gait stability when walking freely in the real-world

Pizzamiglio

Abdalla

Naeem

et al. 2018

J NeuroEngineering Rehabil

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BackgroundGait impairments during real-world locomotion are common in neurological diseases. However, very little is currently known about the neural correlates of walking in the real world and on which regions of the brain are involved in regulating gait stability and performance. As a first step to understanding how neural control of gait may be impaired in neurological conditions such as Parkinson’s disease, we investigated how regional brain activation might predict walking performance in the urban environment and whilst engaging with secondary tasks in healthy subjects.MethodsWe recorded gait characteristics including trunk acceleration and brain activation in 14 healthy young subjects whilst they walked around the university campus freely (single task), while conversing with the experimenter and while texting with their smartphone. Neural spectral power density (PSD) was evaluated in three brain regions of interest, namely the pre-frontal cortex (PFC) and bilateral posterior parietal cortex (right/left PPC). We hypothesized that specific regional neural activation would predict trunk acceleration data obtained during the different walking conditions.ResultsVertical trunk acceleration was predicted by gait velocity and left PPC theta (4–7 Hz) band PSD in single-task walking (R-squared = 0.725, p = 0.001) and by gait velocity and left PPC alpha (8–12 Hz) band PSD in walking while conversing (R-squared = 0.727, p = 0.001). Medio-lateral trunk acceleration was predicted by left PPC beta (15–25 Hz) band PSD when walking while texting (R-squared = 0.434, p = 0.010).ConclusionsWe suggest that the left PPC may be involved in the processes of sensorimotor integration and gait control during walking in real-world conditions. Frequency-specific coding was operative in different dual tasks and may be developed as biomarkers of gait deficits in neurological conditions during performance of these types of, now commonly undertaken, dual tasks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural predictors of gait stability when walking freely in the real-world

Pizzamiglio

Abdalla

Naeem

et al. 2018

J NeuroEngineering Rehabil

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“…PD involves morphological alterations in different parts of the brain, including reduced volumes of the caudate nucleus, thalamus, and white matter, as well as atrophy of the basal ganglia, contraction in the left cerebellum, decreased gray matter in the right quadrangular lobe, reduced fractional anisotropy, neuromelanin pigmentation, neuronal loss within the SNC, and increased mean and radial diffusivity within the SNC and globus pallidus [ 108 ]. Experimental models indicate that RJ induces structural and symptomatic improvements in PD mice by protecting against the histomorphometrical dysfunctions caused by the disease.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Action Of Propolis and Royal Jelly In Parkimentioning

confidence: 99%

Apitherapy for Parkinson’s Disease: A Focus on the Effects of Propolis and Royal Jelly

Ali

2020

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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The vast increase of world’s aging populations is associated with increased risk of age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). PD is a widespread disorder characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, which encompasses a wide range of debilitating motor, emotional, cognitive, and physical symptoms. PD threatens the quality of life of millions of patients and their families. Additionally, public welfare and healthcare systems are burdened with its high cost of care. Available treatments provide only a symptomatic relief and produce a trail of noxious side effects, which increase noncompliance. Hence, researchers have recently focused on the use of nutraceuticals as safe adjunctive treatments of PD to limit its progress and associated damages in affected groups. Propolis is a common product of the beehive, which possesses a large number of therapeutic properties. Royal jelly (RJ) is a bee product that is fed to bee queens during their entire life, and it contributes to their high physical fitness, fertility, and long lifespan. Evidence suggests that propolis and RJ can promote health by preventing the occurrence of age-related debilitating diseases. Therefore, they have been used to treat various serious disorders such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Some evolving studies used these bee products to treat PD in animal models. However, a clear understanding of the collective effect of propolis and RJ as well as their mechanism of action in PD is lacking. This review evaluates the available literature for the effects of propolis and RJ on PD. Whenever possible, it elaborates on the underlying mechanisms through which they function in this disorder and offers insights for fruitful use of bee products in future clinical trials.

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“…α-synuclein is a protein which is found pre-synaptic ally, the accumulation of α-synuclein induce the formation of toxic oligomeric protein which can activate the immune system and lead to degeneration of the neurons (39). The etiology of PD remains to be elucidated and many factors such as aging, environmental and genetics contribute the neurodegeneration in PD, diffusion weighted MRI techniques may be able to efficiently track the pathological process.Many theories were postulated to explain the mechanism behind neuronal loss, such as oxidative stress, rise of iron content, pathological protein accumulation and neuroinflammation(40,41). One theory which describes the origin of idiopathic PD is the Braak's theory.…”

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confidence: 99%