Neuroanatomical and Clinical Neuropsychological Changes in Aging and Senile Dementia

Petit, Ted L.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-4178-9_1

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Research on neuronal changes in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease now shows that age-related reduction is specific to cortical layer and region (Uylings & de Brabander, 2002). This is in contrast with the previous view that more generalized cell loss occurrs in normal aging (Petit, 1982). Specific associations between cognitive and sensory decline may reflect neuronal cell loss, dendritic degeneration, and synapse reduction in pathways affecting specific combinations of cognitive and sensory functions measured behaviorally.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Cross-sectional and longitudinal patterns of dedifferentiation in late-life cognitive and sensory function: The effects of age, ability, attrition, and occasion of measurement.

Anstey

Hofer

Luszcz

2003

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

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The dedifferentiation hypothesis is examined with respect to age-group differences, ability-group differences, attrition-group differences, and time. Cognitive and sensory data were analyzed from individuals (n = 1,823) who completed a clinical assessment on at least 1 of 3 occasions of measurement in the Australian Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Inconsistent dedifferentiation effects were associated with low ability and early attrition from the study, but age-related dedifferentiation was not found. Longitudinal analyses confirmed the cross-sectional analyses. Even though instances of dedifferentiation were identified between pairs of sensory and cognitive variables, consistent patterns of dedifferentiation were not found. These results do not support the view that shared biological factors become increasingly important for explaining within-individual change in cognitive and sensory function in later life.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Cross-sectional and longitudinal patterns of dedifferentiation in late-life cognitive and sensory function: The effects of age, ability, attrition, and occasion of measurement.

Anstey

Hofer

Luszcz

2003

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

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“…The present findings are also consistent with neuropathological studies of age-related biological changes (for reviews, see Petit, 1982;Rapp & Amaral, 1992). For example, across the adult life span the amount of atrophy observed in the frontal lobes is greater than that observed in any other cortical region (Haug et al, 1983).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Memory interference effects and aging: Findings from a test of frontal lobe function.

Shimamura

Jurica²

1994

Neuropsychology

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Performance on behavioral measures of self-ordered pointing and 2-choice recognition memory was evaluated in young adults (aged 18-23 years) and 2 groups of older adults (aged 61-70 years and 71-80 years). The self-ordered pointing test involves working memory and has been used as an index of frontal lobe dysfunction; to perform well, subjects must organize stimulus information and monitor responses. Both groups of older adults exhibited impairment on the pointing test, but the pattern of impairment was different for the 2 groups. Individuals in their 60s exhibited impairment on a second block of trials but not on the first block. Individuals in their 70s exhibited deficits on both blocks of trials. On the recognition test, only individuals in their 70s exhibited impairment. The findings suggest that age-related impairments occur in both working memory and recognition memory.

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“…It must be stressed that Moscovitch and Winocur's data were collected with nondemented subjects. Thus, the absence of a release on correct recall observed in the present study may not necessarily be attributable to the nature of the structural changes characteristic of Alzheimer's disease, unless one would like to suggest that institutionalized aged people may have structural changes comparable to those found in DAT patients, but at a subclinical level (Petit, 1982).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Assessment of semantic processing in patients with Alzheimer's type dementia: The release-of-proactive-inhibition paradigm.

Belleville¹,

Peretz²,

Arguin³

et al. 1992

Neuropsychology

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This study investigated memory functioning in patients with dementia of Alzheimer's type by using the release-from-proactive-interference paradigm. Two fivelist series of words were presented, one with a shift (on the last list of the series) in the taxonomic category (semantic condition) of the presented items, and one with a shift in the rhyming category (acoustic condition). Subjects were 10 patients who met clinical research criteria for probable dementia of Alzheimer's type and 20 matched normal controls. Across conditions, Alzheimer's patients exhibited lower correct recall and higher intrusion rates than did normal controls. More important, the Alzheimer's patients did not show the expected build-up and release from proactive interference when correct recall was considered, but they did show the expected pattern when intrusion rate was considered. Normal controls showed evidence of semantic processing on both measures. These results are discussed in relation to the defects in semantic memory hypothesized in Alzheimer's disease.

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Neuroanatomical and Clinical Neuropsychological Changes in Aging and Senile Dementia

Cited by 15 publications

References 49 publications

Cross-sectional and longitudinal patterns of dedifferentiation in late-life cognitive and sensory function: The effects of age, ability, attrition, and occasion of measurement.

Cross-sectional and longitudinal patterns of dedifferentiation in late-life cognitive and sensory function: The effects of age, ability, attrition, and occasion of measurement.

Memory interference effects and aging: Findings from a test of frontal lobe function.

Assessment of semantic processing in patients with Alzheimer's type dementia: The release-of-proactive-inhibition paradigm.

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