Neuro-Signals from Gut Microbiota: Perspectives for Brain Glioma

D’Alessandro, Giuseppina; Lauro, Clotilde; Quaglio, Deborah; Ghirga, Francesca; Botta, Bruno; Trettel, Flavia; Limatola, Cristina

doi:10.3390/cancers13112810

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 203 publications

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“…Metabolites formed by the microbiome can produce epigenetic changes (57). Recent investigations are disclosing intriguing circuits that involve neurotransmitters produced by the gut microbiome with an effect on cells at a different stage of differentiation (58).…”

Section: Gut Microbiome Gut-brain Axis and Kd: A Broadband Connection Still To Explorementioning

confidence: 99%

A Root in Synapsis and the Other One in the Gut Microbiome-Brain Axis: Are the Two Poles of Ketogenic Diet Enough to Challenge Glioblastoma?

et al. 2021

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Glioblastoma is the most frequent and aggressive brain cancer in adults. While precision medicine in oncology has produced remarkable progress in several malignancies, treatment of glioblastoma has still limited available options and a dismal prognosis. After first-line treatment with surgery followed by radiochemotherapy based on the 2005 STUPP trial, no significant therapeutic advancements have been registered. While waiting that genomic characterization moves from a prognostic/predictive value into therapeutic applications, practical and easy-to-use approaches are eagerly awaited. Medical reports on the role of the ketogenic diet in adult neurological disorders and in glioblastoma suggest that nutritional interventions may condition outcomes and be associated with standard therapies. The acceptable macronutrient distribution of daily calories in a regular diet are 45–65% of daily calories from carbohydrates, 20–35% from fats, and 10–35% from protein. Basically, the ketogenic diet follows an approach based on low carbohydrates/high fat intake. In carbohydrates starvation, body energy derives from fat storage which is used to produce ketones and act as glucose surrogates. The ketogenic diet has several effects: metabolic interference with glucose and insulin and IGF-1 pathways, influence on neurotransmission, reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation, direct effect on gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms. Apart from these central effects working at the synapsis level, recent evidence also suggests a role for microbiome and gut-brain axis induced by a ketogenic diet. This review focuses on rationales supporting the ketogenic diet and clinical studies will be reported, looking at future possible perspectives.

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Section: Gut Microbiome Gut-brain Axis and Kd: A Broadband Connection Still To Explorementioning

confidence: 99%

A Root in Synapsis and the Other One in the Gut Microbiome-Brain Axis: Are the Two Poles of Ketogenic Diet Enough to Challenge Glioblastoma?

et al. 2021

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“… 15 In addition, a recent study by D’Alessandro et al 16 showed that glioma-bearing mice treated with antibiotics have increased tumor growth, changes in natural killer cells, and changes in microglia phenotype. 16 , 73 Altogether, these studies demonstrate the interplay between the gut–brain axis in glioma mice models and humans ( Figure 3 ). Moreover, these studies support the possible role of the gut microbiome in the modulation of brain tumor immunosuppression.…”

Section: Gut Microbiome and Gliomamentioning

confidence: 72%

Glioma and the gut–brain axis: opportunities and future perspectives

Dono

Nickles

Rodriguez-Armendariz

et al. 2022

Neuro-Oncology Advances

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The gut-brain axis has presented a valuable new dynamic in the treatment of cancer and CNS diseases. However, little is known about the potential role of this axis in neuro-oncology. The goal of this review is to highlight potential implications of the gut-brain axis in neuro-oncology, in particular gliomas, and future areas of research. The gut-brain axis is a well-established biochemical signaling axis that has been associated with various CNS diseases. In neuro-oncology, recent studies have described gut microbiome differences in tumor-bearing mice and glioma patients compared to controls. These differences in the composition of the microbiome are expected to impact the metabolic functionality of each microbiome. The effects of antibiotics on the microbiome may affect tumor growth and modulate the immune system in tumor-bearing mice. Preliminary studies have shown that the gut microbiome might influence PD-L1 response in glioma-bearing mice, as previously observed in other non-CNS cancers. Groundbreaking studies have identified intratumoral bacterial DNA in several cancers including high-grade glioma. The gut microbiome and its manipulation represent a new and relatively unexplored area that could be utilized to enhance the effectiveness of therapy in glioma. Further mechanistic studies of this therapeutic strategy are needed to assess its clinical relevance.

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“…A potential relationship between intestinal flora and malignant brain tumors has been revealed. Lyu Y et al and D’Alessandro G et al observed that by influencing the immune system and modulating neurotransmitters, the crosstalk between intestinal flora and the brain could lead to the formation and development of gliomas [ 14 , 15 ]. This hypothesis was validated by Patrizz A et al [ 16 ] and Xiaochong L et al [ 17 ] in rat experiments, while a human study by Yuqi W [ 18 ] proved that oral microbiota is associated with the malignancy of brain tumors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of gut microbiota in patients with benign and malignant brain tumors: a pilot study

et al. 2022

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Gut microbiota is associated with the growth of various tumors, including malignant gliomas, through the brain-gut axis. Moreover, the gut microbiota in patients with malignant tumors may considerably differ from those with benign tumors. However, the associations of gut microbiota with benign and malignant brain tumors remain unclear. Hence, in order to explore these underlying relationships, patients with benign meningioma (n = 32), malignant glioma (n = 27), and healthy individuals (n = 41) were selected to participate in this study. The results showed that the diversity of the microbial ecosystem in brain tumor patients were less than the healthy controls, while no significant differences were observed between the meningioma and glioma groups. The microbial composition also differed significantly between individuals with brain tumors and healthy participants. In meningioma group, pathogenic bacteria like Enterobacteriaceae were increased , whereas certain carcinogenic bacteria were overrepresented in the glioma group, including Fusobacterium and Akkermansia . Furthermore, benign and malignant brain tumor patients lacked SCFA-producing probiotics. Thus , a microbial biomarker panel including Fusobacterium, Akkermansia, Escherichia/Shigella, Lachnospira, Agathobacter , and Bifidobacterium was established. Diagnostic models confirmed that this panel could distinguish between brain tumor patients and healthy patients. Additionally, gut microbiota can affect the differentiation and proliferation of brain tumors via several metabolic pathways based on annotations from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). This is the first study designed to investigate whether gut microbiota differs between benign and malignant brain tumor patients, and our work concluded that intestinal flora is a valuable tool for the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors.

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Neuro-Signals from Gut Microbiota: Perspectives for Brain Glioma

Cited by 20 publications

References 203 publications

A Root in Synapsis and the Other One in the Gut Microbiome-Brain Axis: Are the Two Poles of Ketogenic Diet Enough to Challenge Glioblastoma?

A Root in Synapsis and the Other One in the Gut Microbiome-Brain Axis: Are the Two Poles of Ketogenic Diet Enough to Challenge Glioblastoma?

Glioma and the gut–brain axis: opportunities and future perspectives

The role of gut microbiota in patients with benign and malignant brain tumors: a pilot study

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