Neuro-ophthalmic imaging and visual assessment technology for spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS)

Ong, Joshua; Tavakkoli, Alireza; Strangman, Gary; Zaman, Nasif; Kamran, Sharif Amit; Zhang, Quan; Ivković, Vladimir; Lee, Andrew G.

doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2022.04.004

Cited by 26 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 156 publications

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“…Given the potential for visual loss and resulting mission compromise during LDSF, understanding and mitigating SANS continues to be an area of intense interest. 70 The optimisation of terrestrial analogues and countermeasures for SANS will be critical for astronaut health and mission performance, particularly in future missions that will expose astronauts to longer periods of microgravity than what is currently observed. Additional ophthalmic imaging modalities onboard the International Space Station (ISS) will likely lead to an increased understanding of SANS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome: proposed pathogenesis, terrestrial analogues, and emerging countermeasures

et al. 2023

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Spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) refers to a distinct constellation of ocular, neurological and neuroimaging findings observed in astronauts during and following long duration spaceflight. These ocular findings, to include optic disc oedema, posterior globe flattening, chorioretinal folds and hyperopic shifts, were first described by NASA in 2011. SANS is a potential risk to astronaut health and will likely require mitigation prior to planetary travel with prolonged exposures to microgravity. While the exact pathogenesis of SANS is not completely understood, several hypotheses have been proposed to explain this neuro-ocular phenomenon. In this paper, we briefly discuss the current hypotheses and contributing factors underlying SANS pathophysiology as well as analogues used to study SANS on Earth. We also review emerging potential countermeasures for SANS including lower body negative pressure, nutritional supplementation and translaminar pressure gradient modulation. Ongoing investigation within these fields will likely be instrumental in preparing and protecting astronaut vision for future spaceflight missions including deep space exploration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome: proposed pathogenesis, terrestrial analogues, and emerging countermeasures

et al. 2023

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“…Generally, MRI, fundus, and OCT imaging are used to detect various SANS-like conditions such as choroidal folds, globe flattening, and cotton wool spots. Fundus photography and OCT imaging are available on board the International Space Station (ISS) [29]. Contrarily, terrestrial orbital and cranial MRI, an essential tool for detecting globe flattening, is not available in ISS.…”

Section: Limited Astronaut Data For Training and Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges of Artificial Intelligence in Space Medicine

et al. 2022

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The human body undergoes many changes during long-duration spaceflight including musculoskeletal, visual, and behavioral changes. Several of these microgravity-induced effects serve as potential barriers to future exploration missions. The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine has progressed rapidly and has many promising applications for maintaining and monitoring astronaut health during spaceflight. However, the austere environment and unique nature of spaceflight present with challenges in successfully training and deploying successful systems for upholding astronaut health and mission performance. In this article, the dynamic barriers facing AI development in space medicine are explored. These diverse challenges range from limited astronaut data for algorithm training to ethical/legal considerations in deploying automated diagnostic systems in the setting of the medically limited space environment. How to address these challenges is then discussed and future directions for this emerging field of research.

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“…It is not uncommon for a neuro-ophthalmic dysfunction, such as inflammatory optic neuropathy, to serve as an early indication of an underlying neurological disorder, such as multiple sclerosis [ 17 ]. Similarly, the optic nerve head (ONH) swelling may serve as the only indication of heightened intracranial pressure resulting from critical brain diseases that need immediate medical attention [ 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of neuro-ophthalmic disorders at Jenna Ophthalmic Center, Baghdad, Iraq (2021-2022)

Al-Rubiay,

Majeed,

Abbas

et al. 2024

JMedLife

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Neuro-ophthalmic imaging and visual assessment technology for spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS)

Cited by 26 publications

References 156 publications

Spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome: proposed pathogenesis, terrestrial analogues, and emerging countermeasures

Spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome: proposed pathogenesis, terrestrial analogues, and emerging countermeasures

Challenges of Artificial Intelligence in Space Medicine

An overview of neuro-ophthalmic disorders at Jenna Ophthalmic Center, Baghdad, Iraq (2021-2022)

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