Neuro-immune connections: evidence for a neuro-immunological synapse

Tournier, Jean‐Nicolas; Hellmann, Anne Quesnel

doi:10.1016/s1471-4906(03)00002-4

Cited by 28 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Functionally, neurotransmitters including catecholamines and acetylcholine as well as neuropeptides including calcitonin gene-related peptide, vasoactive intestinal peptide, somatostatin, substance P, and pro-opiomelanocortin-derived peptides have been shown to modulate immune and inflammatory responses (54). Furthermore, evidence indicates that direct innervations may control immune responses (55), and the term "neuroimmunological synapse" has been proposed for contacts between neurons and APCs (56). Langerhans cells, a subtype of DC that were originally thought to originate in the nervous system because of their close contacts with nerve fibers (57), have recently been linked closely to calcitonin gene-related peptide/substance P-containing fibers in the skin (presumably nociceptive neurons) of humans (58 -60), primates (58), and rodents (58,61) as well as in the viscera (62).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabinoids Affect Dendritic Cell (DC) Potassium Channel Function and Modulate DC T Cell Stimulatory Capacity

Wacnik

Luhr²,

Hill³

et al. 2008

The Journal of Immunology

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Cannabinoids affect diverse biological processes, including functions of the immune system. With respect to the immune system, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects of cannabinoids have been reported. Cannabinoids stimulate G protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2. These receptors are found primarily on neurons. However, they are also found on dendritic cells (DC), which are recognized for their critical role in initiating and maintaining immune responses. Therefore, DC are potential targets for cannabinoids. We report in this study that cannabinoids reduced the DC surface expression of MHC class II molecules as well as their capacity to stimulate T cells. In the nervous system, CB1 receptor signaling modulates K+ and Ca2+ channels. Interestingly, cannabinoid-treated DC also showed altered voltage-gated potassium (KV) channel function. We speculate that attenuation of KV channel function via CB1 receptor signaling in DC may represent one mechanism by which cannabinoids alter DC function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabinoids Affect Dendritic Cell (DC) Potassium Channel Function and Modulate DC T Cell Stimulatory Capacity

Wacnik

Luhr²,

Hill³

et al. 2008

The Journal of Immunology

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“…In addition, recent study suggested that the expression of Muscarinic Acetylcholine receptor M2 on dendritic cells could provide a way of prion neuroinvasion [33]. Neuroimmune synapses were suspected since a long time [49], but little proof was presented. Our study shows connections between dendritic cells and nerve endings or nerve fibres in lymphoid organs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between dendritic cells and nerve fibres in lymphoid organs after oral scrapie exposure

Dorban¹,

Defaweux²,

Demonceau³

et al. 2007

Virchows Arch

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In transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), the infectious agent, called PrPsc, an abnormal isoform of the cellular prion protein, accumulates and replicates in lymphoid organs before affecting the nervous system. To clarify the cellular requirements for the neuroinvasion of the scrapie agent from the lymphoid organs to the central nervous system, we have studied, by confocal microscopy, the innervations within Peyer's patches, mesenteric lymph nodes and the spleen of mice in physiological conditions and after oral exposure to prion. Contacts between nerve fibres and PrPsc-associated cells, dendritic cells (DCs) and follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), were evaluated in preclinical prion-infected mice. Using a double immunolabelling strategy, we demonstrated the lack of innervation of PrPsc-accumulating cells (FDCs). Contacts between nerve fibers and PrPsc-propagating cells (DCs) were detected in T-cell zones and cell-trafficking areas. This supports, for the first time, the possible implication of dendritic cells in the prion neuroinvasion process.

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“…8B). Anyway, very recently evidence for a neuro-immunological synapse [34] and a virological synapse [35] emerged.…”

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confidence: 99%

The connective connection: interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and ICC-like cells establish synapses with immunoreactive cells.: Electron microscope study in sity.

et al. 2005

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Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), located in the musculature of the gastrointestinal tract, are well characterized (as much as possible nowadays) from the ultrastructural, cytochemical and functional points of view (recent reviews: [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]). Moreover, ICC J. Cell. Mol. Med. Vol 9, No 3, 2005 pp. 714-730 The connective connection: Challenging glimpse AbstractWe present transmission electron microscope (TEM) evidence that ICC and ICC-like cells frequently establish close contacts (synapses) with several types of immunoreactive cells (IRC): lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils, basophils, macrophages and mast cells. Such synapses were found in various organs: human mammary gland and myometrium, as well as rat stomach, gut, bladder and uterus. Specimens were observed by conventional TEM on ultrathin sections. Based on morphometric analyses and computer-aided 3-D reconstructions from serial sections, we propose an operational definition of ICC-IRC synapses: cell-to-cell close contacts where the two cells are separated by only ~15nm, equivalent to twice the plasmalemmal thickness. Two types of such synapses were found: (i) uniform ('plain') synapses (PS) − close contact extending for >200 nm, and (ii) multicontact ('kiss and run') synapses (MS) − with multiple, focal, close-contact points alternating with regions of wider intermembrane distance. For instance, a typical PS between a rat bladder ICC-like cell and an eosinophil was 2.48 μm long and 11±4nm wide. By contrast, a MS synapse in rat myometrium (between an ICC-like cell and an eosinophil) was 8.64 μm long and had 13 contact points. The synaptic cleft measured 15±8nm at contact points and ~100nm or more in wider areas. These synapses are different from gap junctions usually seen between ICC and between ICC and smooth muscle cells.We previously proposed that ICC-like cells might represent stromal progenitor cells, participate in juxtacrine/paracrine signaling and play a role in immune surveillance. The nanoscopic distances between the two contiguous membranes suggest a juxtacrine cell-to-cell signaling (chemical synapse), via juxtacrinins, a specific case of phenomenins. However, the (micro)vesicles found in the synaptic cleft may correspond to an exosome-based mechanism.

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Neuro-immune connections: evidence for a neuro-immunological synapse

Cited by 28 publications

References 7 publications

Cannabinoids Affect Dendritic Cell (DC) Potassium Channel Function and Modulate DC T Cell Stimulatory Capacity

Cannabinoids Affect Dendritic Cell (DC) Potassium Channel Function and Modulate DC T Cell Stimulatory Capacity

Interaction between dendritic cells and nerve fibres in lymphoid organs after oral scrapie exposure

The connective connection: interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and ICC-like cells establish synapses with immunoreactive cells.: Electron microscope study in sity.

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