Neuro-hormonal mechanisms underlying changes in reward related behaviors following weight loss surgery: Potential pharmacological targets

Orellana, Elise R.; Covașă, Mihai; Hajnal, A.

doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2019.04.004

Cited by 33 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…It is likely that the distal gut's response to nutrients underlies this altered profile of hormones, whose roles in hunger, satiety, reward and aversion have been highlighted. Recently, it also was reported that individuals receiving bariatric surgery were at increased risk from substance use disorder, further suggesting that the reward system is altered by weight loss surgery (reviewed in (Orellana et al, 2019)). Gastrointestinal peptides have been also implicated in eating disorders (reviewed in (Tong & D'Alessio, 2011), a hallmark of which is dysregulated reward signalling, and liraglutide has recently been shown to reduce global eating disorder psychopathalogy (Chao et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut peptide regulation of food intake – evidence for the modulation of hedonic feeding

Woodward

Gribble

Reimann

et al. 2021

The Journal of Physiology

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The number of people living with obesity has tripled worldwide since 1975 with serious implications for public health, as having obesity is linked to a significantly higher chance of early death from associated comorbidities (metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease). As obesity is a consequence of food intake exceeding the demands of energy expenditure, efforts are made to better understand the homeostatic and hedonic mechanisms governing food intake. Gastrointestinal peptides are secreted from enteroendocrine cells in response to nutrient and energy intake, and modulate food intake either via afferent nerves, including the vagus nerve, or directly within the central nervous system, predominantly gaining access at circumventricular organs. Enteroendocrine hormones modulate homeostatic control centres at hypothalamic nuclei and the dorso-vagal complex. Additional roles of these peptides in modulating hedonic food intake and/or preference via the neural systems of reward are starting to be elucidated, with both peripheral and central peptide sources potentially contributing to central receptor activation. Pharmacological interventions and gastric bypass surgery for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity elevate enteroendocrine hormone levels and also alter food preference. Hence, understanding of the hedonic mechanisms mediated by gut peptide action could advance development of potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of obesity and its comorbidities. Key points-Enteroendocrine cells produce a range of gut peptides that have key roles in the regulation of appetite and beneficial effects on body weight. -Gut peptides are secreted as feedback to nutrient and energy intake, communicating directly or indirectly with the brain. -These peptides, some of which are also expressed in the CNS, alter food intake and reward via their widely distributed receptors. -Understanding these interactions is one of the challenges for developing effective pharmacotherapies that reduce feeding without producing negative side effects (e.g. nausea).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut peptide regulation of food intake – evidence for the modulation of hedonic feeding

Woodward

Gribble

Reimann

et al. 2021

The Journal of Physiology

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“…128 The pathophysiology underlying the risk for AUD is still debated (Figure 2). 129 Most studies have focused on the gut hormone ghrelin, which is also connected to the reward system. Rats consume more alcohol following RYGB than sham-operated obese as well as lean control rats, 130,131 whereas SG rats or mice consumed less alcohol than sham-operated obese controls.…”

Section: Bariatric Surgery and Alcoholmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bariatric surgery and the liver—Mechanisms, benefits, and risks

et al. 2021

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The prevalence of obesity and metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has risen dramatically over the past decades.At present, bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for this global health problem, through effects on food intake, gut hormone secretion, metabolic signaling pathways, and adipose tissue dysfunction. The liver occupies a central role in carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism. Notably, a reduction in hepatic fat content and an improvement in hepatic insulin resistance are among the earliest beneficial effects of bariatric surgery, which has therefore emerged as an attractive treatment option for NAFLD. However, as the scope and popularity of weight loss surgery have expanded, new questions have arisen regarding its safety in patients with liver cirrhosis, the outcome of liver transplantation in patients with a history of bariatric surgery, and over incidental reports of liver failure following surgery. Studies in humans and rodents have also linked bariatric surgery to an increased risk of developing alcohol use disorder, a major risk factor for liver disease. This review integrates data from clinical and translational research to delineate both the beneficial impact of bariatric surgery on the liver and the potential risks involved.

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“…This could explain the pattern of “de novo” AUD in our patients. Neuro-hormonal mechanisms determining changes in reward processing and dopamine signaling are involved [ 9 ]. Additionally, hormones as ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which change after bariatric surgery and play a role in the gut-liver-brain axis, may modulate the dopamine reward system, leading to an increased sensitivity to rewards or craving following bariatric surgery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, hormones as ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which change after bariatric surgery and play a role in the gut-liver-brain axis, may modulate the dopamine reward system, leading to an increased sensitivity to rewards or craving following bariatric surgery. In this “primed” system, alcohol easily becomes an alternative reward to food [ 8 , 9 ]. Another not exclusive hypothesis is that alcohol intoxication can take place more quickly with less alcohol and lasts longer in this situation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malnutrition and Alcohol in Patients Presenting with Severe Complications of Cirrhosis After Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery

et al. 2021

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Factors and outcomes associated with decompensation of liver disease and liver failure in obese patients who underwent modern bariatric surgery are unclear. We present here a cohort of seventeen consecutive patients referred because of decompensation of liver disease following laparoscopic bariatric surgery. All patients showed signs of malnutrition (sarcopenia in 76.5%). In ten (58.8%), decompensation was associated with alcohol ingestion, which started after bariatric surgery in six patients. One patient died and three patients required liver transplantation, in one case preceded by transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). However, thirteen patients achieved stabilization or full re-compensation with medical therapy and nutritional support. Our cases underline the risk of alcohol intake and malnutrition after laparoscopic bariatric surgery as causes of severe liver decompensation and underline the need for careful interdisciplinary care of these patients after surgery to early identify and treat alcohol misuse, malnutrition, and liver disease.

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Neuro-hormonal mechanisms underlying changes in reward related behaviors following weight loss surgery: Potential pharmacological targets

Cited by 33 publications

References 89 publications

Gut peptide regulation of food intake – evidence for the modulation of hedonic feeding

Gut peptide regulation of food intake – evidence for the modulation of hedonic feeding

Bariatric surgery and the liver—Mechanisms, benefits, and risks

Malnutrition and Alcohol in Patients Presenting with Severe Complications of Cirrhosis After Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery

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