“…This is partially due to the rapid development in communication and computation, and wide applications of multi-agent systems in many areas including cooperative control of mobile robots [3] , unmanned air vehicles [4] , autonomous formation flight [5] , control of multi-vehicle formations [6,7] , or non-formation cooperative control problems such as task assignment, payload transport, air traffic control, coordinated buyers [8] , cooperative inventory control [9] , coverage control for mobile sensing networks [10] , timing and congestion control in communication networks [11] . On the other hand, ubiquitous cooperative behavior in nature and human societies, such as birds flocking, fish schooling, bee dancing, ant path planning, fireflies flashing in unison, and even people clapping in phase during rhythmic [12] etc., has stimulated researchers to explore the underlying mechanisms of such collective behavior.…”