Neurite outgrowth elicited by embryonic chick heart: Partial purification of the active factor

Ebendal, Ted; Belew, Makonnen; Jacobson, Carl-Olof; Porath, Jerker

doi:10.1016/0304-3940(79)95350-3

Cited by 62 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…A molecule with an apparent molecular weight of 35,00040,000 (19) capable of supporting the survival of dissociated ciliary neurons is found at high specific activity in extracts of the target muscles in the eye (5). Cultured ciliary ganglia, as well as spinal and sympathetic ganglia, respond to an extract prepared from lyophilized 18-day chicken hearts; this extract can be fractionated into two active components, the major one having an apparent molecular weight of 40,000 and the minor one, >100,000 (20). It is clear that studies on purified preparations are required before the real similarities and differences between these active factors can be established and before the existence of a spinal motoneuron growth factor may be considered proven.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurite outgrowth from embryonic chicken spinal neurons is promoted by media conditioned by muscle cells.

Henderson¹,

Huchet²,

Changeux³

1981

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

111

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The effect of media conditioned by muscle cells on the development in vitro ofchicken spinal neurons was studied. Neural tube cells of 4.5-day chicken embryos were dissociated after trypsinization and cultured in serum-free minimum essential medium conditioned for 4 days over cultures of fused chicken myotubes. After 20 hr in conditioned medium (protein concentration, 10-50 ftg/ml), about 50% of surviving cells had extended neurites, whereas in cultures in nonconditioned medium this value was about 10%. The active factor(s) in conditioned medium is macromolecular and its activity was completely destroyed by incubation with trypsin. Concentrated samples ofconditioned medium were analyzed by gel filtration on columns of Sepharose CL-6B. The activity was recovered in peaks with apparent molecular weights of 40,000 and 500,000 and at the exclusion volume of the column. Media conditioned by chicken liver and skin cells also contained neurite-promoting activity but at lower levels. No activity was detected in Nerve Growth Factor, insulin, fetal calf serum, or horse serum or in media conditioned by chicken lung, chicken heart, or C6 glioma cells.During the phase of embryogenesis leading up to the formation of a given synapse, a complex set of interactions between the nerve cell and its potential target is brought into play (1, 2). These interactions may be qualified as "anterograde," such as for example the effect of the nerve on the distribution and metabolism of receptors in the target cell membrane, or, conversely, as "retrograde" (3). It has been postulated for many systems (3-5) that the target cell liberates soluble retrograde factors upon which the neuron depends for its survival and morphological and biochemical differentiation.The best candidate for such a role is the nerve growth factor (NGF) (6), but there is indirect evidence that, in the embryonic spinal cord, motoneurons destined to innervate skeletal muscle may be affected by comparable retrograde factors liberated by their target tissues. Results obtained in vivo, such as the enhancement of naturally occurring cell death by limb extirpation in the chicken embryo (7) and the rescue of some motoneurons by the graft of a supernumerary limb (8), suggested that these factors might be necessary for cell survival. More recent experiments. in vitro have pointed to roles for muscle-derived factors in enhancing neurite extension (9), transmitter synthesis (10, 11), and cell survival (12) of spinal neurons.In this paper, we report the effects of media conditioned by skeletal muscle cells upon the development of dissociated cell cultures ofembryonic chicken spinal cord. We have established a rapid quantitative assay for factors affecting one crucial aspect of the development of spinal neurons: neurite extension. Investigations using this assay have provided a preliminary characterization of the substance(s) responsible for the growth-promoting effect of muscle-conditioned medium. MATERIALS AND METHODSSpinal Cord Cultures. Neural tubes were dissected from 4....

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurite outgrowth from embryonic chicken spinal neurons is promoted by media conditioned by muscle cells.

Henderson¹,

Huchet²,

Changeux³

1981

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

111

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“…Growing evidence has suggested a critical role for NTs in governing cardiovascular functions such as the control of blood vessel and smooth muscle cell growth as well as heart development (9). Early studies have shown the ability of the embryonic chick heart to secrete neurotrophic factors such as NGF, which, in turn, stimulate neurite extension from sensory neurons in vitro (15). More recently, NGF has been shown to be present in neonatal rat myocytes, where it acts as an autocrine survival factor.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The p75 neurotrophin receptor, semaphorins, and sympathetic traffic in the heart

Carter

Feng

Paolocci

2010

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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“…Several such macromolecules from a variety of tissues have been partially characterized [Ebendal et al, 1979;Manthorpe et al, 1980;Coughlin et al, 1981;Barde et al, 1983;Bonyhady et al, 1982; also see Weber, 19811 but from the published data on their physical properties and specificity of action it is not evident whether they represent different molecular entities or not.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Peripheral neurones survive and regenerate processes in vitro if the culture medium is supplemented with macromolecular components derived from target tissues [Helfand et al, 1976[Helfand et al, , 1978Coughlin and Rathbone, 1977;Collins, 1978;McLennan and Hendry, 1978;Adler et al, 1979;Bennett and Nurcombe, 1979;Lindsay and Tarbit, 1979;Nishi and Berg, 1979, 19811. Several such macromolecules from a variety of tissues have been partially characterized [Ebendal et al, 1979;Manthorpe et al, 1980;Coughlin et al, 1981;Barde et al, 1983;Bonyhady et al, 1982; also see Weber, 19811 but from the published data on their physical properties and specificity of action it is not evident whether they represent different molecular entities or not.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An analysis of peripheral neuronal survival factors present in muscle

Bonyhady

Hendry

Hill

et al. 1985

J of Neuroscience Research

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Extracts of bovine heart, rat heart, and rat skeletal muscle were chromatographically separated and the fractions tested for their ability to maintain the survival of dissociated sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory neurones. Bovine heart contained at least five, rat heart at least six, and rat skeletal muscle at least four active components differing in their physicochemical properties and their target selectivity. Bovine and rat heart appeared to contain at least two components in common. The differences in active components found in the three tissues are consistent with a complex and perhaps tissue-specific system regulating neuronal survival.

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Neurite outgrowth elicited by embryonic chick heart: Partial purification of the active factor

Cited by 62 publications

References 11 publications

Neurite outgrowth from embryonic chicken spinal neurons is promoted by media conditioned by muscle cells.

Neurite outgrowth from embryonic chicken spinal neurons is promoted by media conditioned by muscle cells.

The p75 neurotrophin receptor, semaphorins, and sympathetic traffic in the heart

An analysis of peripheral neuronal survival factors present in muscle

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