Neuraminidase-Inhibition Assay for the Identification of Influenza A Virus Neuraminidase Virus Subtype or Neuraminidase Antibody Specificity

Pedersen, Janice C.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-0758-8_3

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Virus isolation in embryonated chicken eggs was attempted on M-gene positive samples by standard methods 37 38 . Subtypes were identified by either serological assays (hemagglutination inhibition assay, neuraminidase inhibition assay) on isolates, or by gene sequencing on swab material or isolates using standard methods 39 40 41 . The pathotype classification was inferred from the HA gene proteolytic cleavage site sequence as defined by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) 42 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Widespread detection of highly pathogenic H5 influenza viruses in wild birds from the Pacific Flyway of the United States

Bevins¹,

Dusek

White

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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A novel highly pathogenic avian influenza virus belonging to the H5 clade 2.3.4.4 variant viruses was detected in North America in late 2014. Motivated by the identification of these viruses in domestic poultry in Canada, an intensive study was initiated to conduct highly pathogenic avian influenza surveillance in wild birds in the Pacific Flyway of the United States. A total of 4,729 hunter-harvested wild birds were sampled and highly pathogenic avian influenza virus was detected in 1.3% (n = 63). Three H5 clade 2.3.4.4 subtypes were isolated from wild birds, H5N2, H5N8, and H5N1, representing the wholly Eurasian lineage H5N8 and two novel reassortant viruses. Testing of 150 additional wild birds during avian morbidity and mortality investigations in Washington yielded 10 (6.7%) additional highly pathogenic avian influenza isolates (H5N8 = 3 and H5N2 = 7). The geographically widespread detection of these viruses in apparently healthy wild waterfowl suggest that the H5 clade 2.3.4.4 variant viruses may behave similarly in this taxonomic group whereby many waterfowl species are susceptible to infection but do not demonstrate obvious clinical disease. Despite these findings in wild waterfowl, mortality has been documented for some wild bird species and losses in US domestic poultry during the first half of 2015 were unprecedented.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Widespread detection of highly pathogenic H5 influenza viruses in wild birds from the Pacific Flyway of the United States

Bevins¹,

Dusek

White

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…However, those assays are not able to discriminate the virus subtype. Usually, IAV subtyping is performed by using the hemagglutination [26] and neuraminidase inhibition [27] tests. However, these assays can be cumbersome to perform, and a panel of reference antisera is required.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of two multiplex RT-PCR assays for detection and subtype differentiation of Brazilian swine influenza viruses

et al. 2020

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Influenza A virus (IAV) subtypes H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 are endemic in swine herds in most pork producing countries; however, the viruses circulating in different geographic regions are antigenically and genetically distinct. In this sense, the availability of a rapid diagnostic assay to detect locally adapted IAVs and discriminate the virus subtype in clinical samples from swine is extremely important for monitoring and control of the disease. This study describes the development and validation of a multiplex RT-PCR assay for detection and subtyping of IAV from pigs. The analytical and diagnostic specificity of the assays was 100% (94.3-100.0, CI 95%), and the limit of detection was 10 −3 TCID 50 /mL. A total of 100 samples (IAV isolates and clinical specimens) were tested, and the virus subtype was determined for 80 samples (80%; 71.1-86.7, CI 95%). From these, 50% were H1N1, 22.5% were H1N2, and 7.5% were H3N2. Partial subtyping was determined for 8.75% samples (H1pdmNx and HxN2). Additionally, mixed infections with two virus subtypes (H1N2 + H3N2 and H1N1pdm + H1pdmN2; 2.5%) and reassortant viruses (H1pdmN2, 6.25%; and H1N1hu, 2.5%) were detected by the assay. A rapid detection of the most prevalent IAV subtypes and lineages in swine is provided by the assays developed here, improving the IAV diagnosis in Brazilian laboratories, and contributing to the IAV monitoring.

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“…To test this, we compared the NA activity of lean and OB-derived viruses at different days p.i. by MUNANA ( 27 ). WT-derived viruses have low NA activity regardless of days p.i.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of oseltamivir treatment in influenza virus-infected obese mice

Honce

Jones

Meliopoulos

et al. 2023

mBio

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Obesity has been epidemiologically and empirically linked with more severe diseases upon influenza infection. To ameliorate severe disease, treatment with antivirals, such as the neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir, is suggested to begin within days of infection especially in high-risk hosts. However, this treatment can be poorly effective and may generate resistance variants within the treated host. Here, we hypothesized that obesity would reduce oseltamivir treatment effectiveness in the genetically obese mouse model. We demonstrated that oseltamivir treatment does not improve viral clearance in obese mice. While no traditional variants associated with oseltamivir resistance emerged, we did note that drug treatment failed to quench the viral population and did lead to phenotypic drug resistance in vitro . Together, these studies suggest that the unique pathogenesis and immune responses in obese mice could have implications for pharmaceutical interventions and the within-host dynamics of the influenza virus population. IMPORTANCE Influenza virus infections, while typically resolving within days to weeks, can turn critical, especially in high-risk populations. Prompt antiviral administration is crucial to mitigating these severe sequalae, yet concerns remain if antiviral treatment is effective in hosts with obesity. Here, we show that oseltamivir does not improve viral clearance in genetically obese or type I interferon receptor-deficient mice. This suggests a blunted immune response may impair oseltamivir efficacy and render a host more susceptible to severe disease. This study furthers our understanding of oseltamivir treatment dynamics both systemically and in the lungs of obese mice, as well as the consequences of oseltamivir treatment for the within-host emergence of drug-resistant variants.

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Neuraminidase-Inhibition Assay for the Identification of Influenza A Virus Neuraminidase Virus Subtype or Neuraminidase Antibody Specificity

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

Widespread detection of highly pathogenic H5 influenza viruses in wild birds from the Pacific Flyway of the United States

Widespread detection of highly pathogenic H5 influenza viruses in wild birds from the Pacific Flyway of the United States

Evaluation of two multiplex RT-PCR assays for detection and subtype differentiation of Brazilian swine influenza viruses

Efficacy of oseltamivir treatment in influenza virus-infected obese mice

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