Neural tube closure in the chick embryo is multiphasic

Straaten, H. W. M. van; Janssen, Hennie; Peeters, Maria C. W.; Copp, Andrew J.; Hekking, Johan W.M.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0177(199611)207:3<309::aid-aja8>3.0.co;2-l

Cited by 55 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Convergent extension movements in the neural plate and tube have been documented in a variety of animals, particularly amphibians and chicks (Burnside and Jacobson, 1968;Jacobson and Gordon, 1976;Keller et al, 1992;Lawson et al, 2001;Schoenwolf and Alvarez, 1989;van Straaten et al, 1996). However, without tools for uncoupling the various morphogenetic process, very limited experimental analysis of its role in tube closure has been possible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intrinsic processes include elongation and shaping of the neural plate by cell rearrangement, cell shapechange, and cell division; elevation and apposition of the neural folds; and fusion of the folds at the dorsal midline (Davidson and Keller, 1999;Jacobson and Gordon, 1976;Schoenwolf and Alvarez, 1989;Schroeder, 1970;van Straaten et al, 1993). Extrinsic processes include medial pushing on the neural folds by the adjacent epidermis, as well as inductive and mechanical contributions from the underlying mesoderm (Alvarez and Schoenwolf, 1992;Brun and Garson, 1983;Jacobson and Jacobson, 1973;Moury and Schoenwolf, 1995;Poznanski et al, 1997;Schroeder, 1970;van Straaten et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though it has been described during neurulation in a variety of vertebrates, the contribution of convergent extension to tube closure has been difficult to assess without tools for uncoupling it from the many other morphogenetic processes involved (Burnside and Jacobson, 1968;Elul and Keller, 2000;Jacobson and Gordon, 1976;Keller et al, 1992;Lawson et al, 2001;Schoenwolf and Alvarez, 1989;van Straaten et al, 1996). Indeed, defects in axial elongation have been postulated to contribute to NTD in the classical mouse mutant looptail (Kibar et al, 2001;Smith and Stein, 1962;Wilson and Wyatt,Dishevelled (Xdsh) controls this polarity via a vertebrate cognate of the planar cell polarity (PCP) cascade (Tada and Smith, 2000;Wallingford et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neural tube closure requires Dishevelled-dependent convergent extension of the midline

2002

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In Xenopus, Dishevelled (Xdsh) signaling is required for both neural tube closure and neural convergent extension, but the connection between these two morphogenetic processes remains unclear. Indeed normal neurulation requires several different cell polarity decisions, any of which may require Xdsh signaling. In this paper we address two issues: (1) which aspects of normal neurulation require Xdsh function; and (2) what role convergent extension plays in the closure of the neural tube. We show that Xdsh signaling is not required for neural fold elevation, medial movement or fusion. Disruption of Xdsh signaling therefore provides a specific tool for uncoupling convergent extension from other processes of neurulation. Using disruption of Xdsh signaling, we demonstrate that convergent extension is crucial to tube closure. Targeted injection revealed that Xdsh function was required specifically in the midline for normal neural tube closure. We suggest that the inherent movement of the neural folds can accomplish only a finite amount of medial progress and that convergent extension of the midline is necessary to reduce the distance between the nascent neural folds, allowing them to meet and fuse. Similar results with Xenopus strabismus implicate the planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling cascade in neural convergent extension and tube closure. Together, these data demonstrate that PCP-mediated convergent extension movements are crucial to proper vertebrate neurulation. Movies available on-line

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neural tube closure requires Dishevelled-dependent convergent extension of the midline

2002

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“…Similarly, abnormal fusion was found in the carpal ( * ) and tarsal bones (arrow). paired development of the adjacent mesodermal structure is related to its occurrence (20). In fact, Zic2 is expressed strongly in the sclerotome (6) and the open vertebral arches are observed even in the thoracic region of Zic2 kd/kd embryo, in which the neural tube itself apparently was closed (spina bifida occulta).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zic2 regulates the kinetics of neurulation

Nagai

Aruga

Minowa

et al. 2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

216

174

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Mutation in human ZIC2, a zinc finger protein homologous to Drosophila odd-paired, causes holoprosencephaly (HPE), which is a common, severe malformation of the brain in humans. However, the pathogenesis is largely unknown. Here we show that reduced expression (knockdown) of mouse Zic2 causes neurulation delay, resulting in HPE and spina bifida. Differentiation of the most dorsal neural plate, which gives rise to both roof plate and neural crest cells, also was delayed as indicated by the expression lag of a roof plate marker, Wnt3a. In addition the development of neural crest derivatives such as dorsal root ganglion was impaired. These results suggest that the Zic2 expression level is crucial for the timing of neurulation. Because the Zic2 knockdown mouse is the first mutant with HPE and spina bifida to survive to the perinatal period, the mouse will promote analyses of not only the neurulation but also the pathogenesis of human HPE.

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“…Convergent extension not only drives gastrulation, but also occurs during neural tube closure in vertebrate animals, including amphibians, chick and mice (Jacobson and Gordon, 1976; Keller et al, 1992;Lawson et al, 2001;Sulik et al, 1994;Van Straaten et al, 1996). Dishevelled is essential for the convergent extension of neural tissue (Wallingford and Harland, 2001).…”

Section: Neural Tube Closurementioning

confidence: 99%

The developmental biology of Dishevelled: an enigmatic protein governing cell fate and cell polarity

2005

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Dishevelled proteins are 500 to 600 amino acids in length and are modular. Each contains three highly conserved domains (Box 1, Fig. 2), and whereas the overall structure of Dishevelled has not been defined, structural descriptions of each of the three major domains have been reported (Box 1).The Dishevelled protein regulates many developmental processes in animals ranging from Hydra to humans. Here, we discuss the various known signaling activities of this enigmatic protein and focus on the biological processes that Dishevelled controls. Through its many signaling activities, Dishevelled plays important roles in the embryo and the adult, ranging from cell-fate specification and cell polarity to social behavior. Dishevelled also has important roles in the governance of polarized cell divisions, in the directed migration of individual cells, and in cardiac development and neuronal structure and function. SummaryThe developmental biology of Dishevelled: an enigmatic protein governing cell fate and cell polarity In addition to these commonly discussed domains of Dishevelled, several additional conserved regions deserve attention (Box 1, Fig. 2). For example, there is a basic region and scattered serine/threonine-rich stretches between the DIX and PDZ domains, and there is a proline-rich region with a SH3 protein-binding motif downstream of the PDZ (Penton et al., 2002;Rothbächer et al., 2000). A comparison of Dishevelled protein sequences from hydrazoan to human reveals the presence of several invariant residues downstream of the DEP domain, and the extreme C terminus is very highly conserved across species (Fig. 3). The significance of these conserved Cterminal residues for Dishevelled function remains unexplored. Mechanisms of Dishevelled signalingA fascinating aspect of Dishevelled is that this protein forms a branchpoint that links several widely deployed signaling pathways ( Fig. 1). In this section, we discuss the proteins in the canonical WNT and PCP signaling pathways that function upstream and downstream of Dishevelled. As these signaling cascades have been extensively reviewed elsewhere, we will only attempt a thumbnail sketch of each pathway. Upstream of Dishevelled: WNTs, receptors and coreceptorsWith the sequencing of the human genome, nineteen WNT ligands have been identified (for reviews, see He et al., 2004;Logan and Nusse, 2004). The receptors for the WNT ligand were identified as members of the seven-pass Frizzled (FZ) gene family (see Huang and Klein, 2004). Members of the lowdensity lipoprotein-related receptor proteins (LRP), including Drosophila Arrow and vertebrate LRP5 and LRP6, function as co-receptors for WNTs (Pinson et al., 2000;Tamai et al., 2000;Wehrli et al., 2000). As the LRP co-receptors only impinge on canonical signaling, it is possible that co-receptors may exist that channel WNT signals into the non-canonical arm and several proteins, including NRH1 [p75(NTR)-related transmembrane protein] (Chung et al., 2005;Sasai et al., 2004), protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7) (Lu et al., 2004...

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Neural tube closure in the chick embryo is multiphasic

Cited by 55 publications

References 24 publications

Neural tube closure requires Dishevelled-dependent convergent extension of the midline

Neural tube closure requires Dishevelled-dependent convergent extension of the midline

Zic2 regulates the kinetics of neurulation

The developmental biology of Dishevelled: an enigmatic protein governing cell fate and cell polarity

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