Neural time course of conflict adaptation effects on the Stroop task

Larson, Michael J.; Kaufman, David A.; Perlstein, William M.

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.11.013

Cited by 200 publications

(278 citation statements)

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“…This late negativity has been shown in previous studies to be sensitive to sensory conflicts between auditory inputs during dichotic listening in younger adults (e.g., Bayazit, Öniz, Hahn, Güntürkün, & Özgören, 2009). Furthermore, in other cognitive paradigms (e.g., the Stroop interference task) a modulation effect of the ERP in a similar time window was previously shown to reflect the demands of attentional control in conflict processing (e.g., Frühholz, Fehr, & Herrmann, 2009;Larson, Kaufman, & Perlstein, 2009;Liotti, Woldorff, Perez, & Mayberg, 2000;West & Alain, 1999) as well as attention orienting (Kanske, Plitschka, & Kotz, 2011).…”

Section: Aim Of Study and Hypothesessupporting

confidence: 62%

“…2006;Sanders & Astheimer, 2008). The effects of attentional control incurred, for instance, by stimulus competition, stimulus-response conflict or error detection, are more commonly observed in an ERP modulation effect around 400-550 ms after stimulus onset (Frühholz et al, 2009;Larson et al, 2009;Liotti et al, 2000;Niedeggen & Rösler, 1999;West & Alain, 1999). Our findings suggest that the DARPP-32 gene is associated with the amplitude of these components.…”

Section: Genetic Correlates Of Cortical Evoked Potentialsmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Furthermore, we were interested in analyzing DARPP-32 genotype effects on the late N450 modulation effect, which has been previously shown to reflect the deployment of attentional resources when cognitive conflict (e.g., Larson et al, 2009;West & Alain, 1999), error monitoring (Niedeggen & Rösler, 1999) or attention orienting (Kanske et al, 2011) was involved. Previous studies showed a more posterior distribution of the N450 component when not using the classical Stroop but other conflict paradigms (e.g., Frühholz et al, 2009;Schirmer & Kotz, 2003).…”

Section: Analyses Of Eeg Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dopamine modulates attentional control of auditory perception: DARPP-32 (PPP1R1B) genotype effects on behavior and cortical evoked potentials

Passow

Nietfeld

et al. 2013

Neuropsychologia

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a b s t r a c tUsing a specific variant of the dichotic listening paradigm, we studied the influence of dopamine on attentional modulation of auditory perception by assessing effects of allelic variation of a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs907094 in the DARPP-32 gene (dopamine and adenosine 3′, 5′-monophosphateregulated phosphoprotein 32 kilodations; also known as PPP1R1B) on behavior and cortical evoked potentials. A frequent DARPP-32 haplotype that includes the A allele of this SNP is associated with higher mRNA expression of DARPP-32 protein isoforms, striatal dopamine receptor function, and frontal-striatal connectivity. As we hypothesized, behaviorally the A homozygotes were more flexible in selectively attending to auditory inputs than any G carriers. Moreover, this genotype also affected auditory evoked cortical potentials that reflect early sensory and late attentional processes. Specifically, analyses of eventrelated potentials (ERPs) revealed that amplitudes of an early component of sensory selection (N1) and a late component (N450) reflecting attentional deployment for conflict resolution were larger in A homozygotes than in any G carriers. Taken together, our data lend support for dopamine's role in modulating auditory attention both during the early sensory selection and late conflict resolution stages.

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Section: Aim Of Study and Hypothesessupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Genetic Correlates Of Cortical Evoked Potentialsmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Analyses Of Eeg Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Dopamine modulates attentional control of auditory perception: DARPP-32 (PPP1R1B) genotype effects on behavior and cortical evoked potentials

Passow

Nietfeld

et al. 2013

Neuropsychologia

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“…As already mentioned in the discussion of the fMRI work, it could instead be the case, for instance, that frontal activations such as the N450 index temporal expectancy, with a weaker activation in the low PC task indicating a slower expectancy. Larson, Kaufman, and Perlstein (2009b) found that N450 negativity was more negative for incongruent trials relative to congruent trials, but failed to find a sequential effect. That is, there was no decrease in the N450 following an incongruent relative to a congruent trial.…”

Section: Questioning Conflict Adaptation 31mentioning

confidence: 91%

Questioning conflict adaptation: proportion congruent and Gratton effects reconsidered

2013

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Conflict adaptation is one of the most popular ideas in cognitive psychology. It purports to explain a wide range of data, including both brain and behavioural data from the proportion congruent and Gratton paradigms. However, in recent years many concerns about the viability of this account have been raised. It has been argued that contingency learning, not conflict adaptation, produces the proportion congruent effect. Similarly, the Gratton paradigm has been shown to contain several confounds, most notably feature repetition biases. Newer work on temporal learning further questions the interpretability of the behavioural results of conflict adaptation studies. Brain data linking supposed conflict adaptation to the anterior cingulated cortex (ACC) has also come into question, as this area seems to be solely responsive to time-ontask rather than conflict. This review points to the possibility that conflict adaptation may simply be an illusion. However, the extant data remain ambiguous and there are a lot of open questions that still need to be addressed in future research. QUESTIONING CONFLICT ADAPTATION 3 Questioning Conflict Adaptation: Proportion Congruent and Gratton Effects ReconsideredThe role of cognitive control in basic mental functions is one of the primary questions of interest for cognitive psychologists. One of the most popular ideas in the literature is conflict adaptation, the idea that we deal with conflict between stimuli in our environment by shifting attention away from the source of conflict and toward the stimulus we wish to process. The Stroop paradigm (Stroop, 1935) offers the most common way of studying conflict adaptation. In this task, participants identify the print colour of a colour word. Response times and error rates are increased to incongruent stimuli (e.g., the word BLUE printed in red; BLUE red ) relative to congruent stimuli (e.g., BLUE blue ). Other commonly used paradigms included the Eriksen flanker task (Eriksen & Eriksen, 1974), in which congruent or incongruent distracting letters (or words) are presented on either side of a centrally-located target letter (or word); and the Simon task (Simon & Rudell, 1967), in which a distracting stimulus location is either congruent or incongruent with the response that needs to be made to the target (e.g., a left keypress for a stimulus on the right side of the screen). In paradigms such as these, evidence for conflict adaptation comes from the observation that the size of the congruency effect can be altered in response to changes in conflict. In particular, this paper discusses the proportion congruent and Gratton paradigms.Conflict adaptation theory has a lot of explanatory power. However, the goal of this paper is to explore whether or not conflict adaptation must be assumed in order to explain such phenomena as the proportion congruent and Gratton effects. Some of the mounting evidence against the highly popular conflict adaptation account will be discussed and it will be argued that simpler, non-conflict learning and...

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“…Several studies have employed designs under which congruent trials occur more often than they would by chancethat is, more often that they would if the relevant and irrelevant attributes of the stimulus were selected independently. In particular, in several recent studies the researchers have used 4-AFC tasks with designs under which congruent trials occur 50% of the time, instead of the 25% that would be expected by chance (e.g., Akçay & Hazeltine, 2007Wendt & Kiesel, 2011); other experiments have used rates of congruence that are even farther from what would be expected by chance, such as 70% congruent trials in a 3-AFC task (e.g., Kerns et al, 2004;Larson, Kaufman, & Perlstein, 2009;Mayr & Awh, 2009). The goal of this observation is to convince the reader that this should not be done; 50% congruent should, instead, be avoided when the task is 4-AFC.…”

Section: Abstract Executive Control Cognitive Control Selective Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation: Three reasons to avoid having half of the trials be congruent in a four-alternative forced-choice experiment on sequential modulation

Mordkoff

2012

Psychon Bull Rev

120

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Sequential modulation is the finding that the sizes of several selective-attention phenomena-namely, the Simon, flanker, and Stroop effects-are larger following congruent trials than following incongruent trials. In order to rule out relatively uninteresting explanations of sequential modulation that are based on a variety of stimulus-and response-repetition confounds, a four-alternative forced choice task must be used, such that all trials with any kind of repetition can be omitted from the analysis. When a fouralternative task is used, the question arises as to whether to have the proportions of congruent and incongruent trials be set by chance (and, therefore, be 25% congruent and 75% incongruent) or to raise the proportion of congruent trials to 50%, so that it matches the proportion of incongruent trials. In this observation, it is argued that raising the proportion of congruent trials to 50% should not be done. For theoretical, practical, and empirical reasons, having half of the trials be congruent in a four-alternative task aimed at providing unambiguous evidence of sequential modulation should be avoided.

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Neural time course of conflict adaptation effects on the Stroop task

Cited by 200 publications

References 50 publications

Dopamine modulates attentional control of auditory perception: DARPP-32 (PPP1R1B) genotype effects on behavior and cortical evoked potentials

Dopamine modulates attentional control of auditory perception: DARPP-32 (PPP1R1B) genotype effects on behavior and cortical evoked potentials

Questioning conflict adaptation: proportion congruent and Gratton effects reconsidered

Observation: Three reasons to avoid having half of the trials be congruent in a four-alternative forced-choice experiment on sequential modulation

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