Neural Substrates of Violent Behaviour a Preliminary Study with Positron Emission Tomography

Volkow, Nora D.; Tancredi, Laurence R.

doi:10.1192/bjp.151.5.668

Cited by 153 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…Previous imaging studies have implicated frontal and temporal brain region's metabolic changes to violence (Goyer et al, 1994;Volkow and Tancredi, 1987). Raine et al (1997) reported reduced glucose metabolism in PFC and posterior parietal cortex of a severely violent and mostly male sample.…”

Section: Psychopathology In Bpdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positron Emission Tomography of Regional Brain Metabolic Responses to a Serotonergic Challenge in Major Depressive Disorder with and without Borderline Personality Disorder

Oquendo

Krunic

Parsey

et al. 2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Previous neuroimaging studies of major depression have not controlled for the presence of personality disorders characterized by impulsive aggressive behavior, such as borderline personality disorder (BPD). Using positron emission tomography (PET), we studied regional glucose uptake in response to fenfluramine (FEN) in depressed subjects with BPD (n ¼ 11) and depressed patients without Cluster B Axis II disorders (n ¼ 8). Subjects were scanned while medication-free after a single blind placebo administration and after FEN on a second day. Brain responses were measured by PET imaging of [ 18 F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and serial prolactin levels. Scans were compared at a voxel level using statistical parametric mapping. Correlations of changes in relative regional cerebral uptake (rCMRglu) with clinical measures were assessed. Depressed borderline patients had greater relative activity in parietotemporal cortical regions (BA 40, BA 22, and BA 42) before and after FEN activation compared to those without BPD. They also had less relative uptake in the anterior cingulate cortex (BA 32) at baseline compared to depressed patients without BPD and FEN abolished this difference. Impulsivity was positively correlated with rCMRglu in superior and middle frontal cortex (BA 6 and 44). Hostility was positively correlated with rCMRglu in temporal cortical regions (BA 21 and 22). In conclusions, borderline pathology in the context of a Major Depressive Disorder is associated with altered activity in parietotemporal and anterior cingulate cortical regions. Controlling for the presence of BPD in future imaging studies of mood disorders may elucidate similarities and differences in regional serotonergic function in these two often comorbid disorders.

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Section: Psychopathology In Bpdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positron Emission Tomography of Regional Brain Metabolic Responses to a Serotonergic Challenge in Major Depressive Disorder with and without Borderline Personality Disorder

Oquendo

Krunic

Parsey

et al. 2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

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show abstract

“…Some of these studies have measured brain activity at rest (e.g. Volkow & Tancredi 1987), others during simple (e.g. continuous performance) tasks designed to activate the prefrontal cortex (e.g.…”

Section: Review Of Findings From Autonomic Electrocortical and Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychophysiological correlates of aggression and violence: an integrative review

Patrick

2008

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

141

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This paper reviews existing psychophysiological studies of aggression and violent behaviour including research employing autonomic, electrocortical and neuroimaging measures. Robust physiological correlates of persistent aggressive behaviour evident in this literature include low baseline heart rate, enhanced autonomic reactivity to stressful or aversive stimuli, enhanced EEG slow wave activity, reduced P300 brain potential response and indications from structural and functional neuroimaging studies of dysfunction in frontocortical and limbic brain regions that mediate emotional processing and regulation. The findings are interpreted within a conceptual framework that draws on two integrative models in the literature. The first is a recently developed hierarchical model of impulse control (externalizing) problems, in which various disinhibitory syndromes including aggressive and addictive behaviours of different kinds are seen as arising from common as well as distinctive aetiologic factors. This model represents an approach to organizing these various interrelated phenotypes and investigating their common and distinctive aetiologic substrates. The other is a neurobiological model that posits impairments in affective regulatory circuits in the brain as a key mechanism for impulsive aggressive behaviour. This model provides a perspective for integrating findings from studies employing different measures that have implicated varying brain structures and physiological systems in violent and aggressive behaviour.

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“…As in other studies reviewed above, temporal lobe dysfunction was noted in one PET scan study involving violent patients 107 and in another, involving computed tomography, MRI scans of patients with organic brain syndrome who were violent. 108 In addition, neuroimaging studies showed selective frontal lobe dysfunction in murderers, 101 violent study participants, 107 and sex offenders including rapists.…”

Section: Neurological Explanations and Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…108 In addition, neuroimaging studies showed selective frontal lobe dysfunction in murderers, 101 violent study participants, 107 and sex offenders including rapists.…”

Section: Neurological Explanations and Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sadism, Sadomasochism, Sex, and Violence

Fedoroff

2008

Can J Psychiatry

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Sadism and masochism occupy a special place among the perversions, for the contrast of activity and passivity lying at their bases belong to the common traits of the sexual life. 2, p 1 T he topics of sex and violence are of almost universal interest. A Google search using the word sex produces 687-million hits. A search linking sex with synonyms for violence results in 274-million searchable links. A more specific review of the scientific literature was conducted using SUM search, which combines a metasearch strategy with contingency searching of major databases including PubMed and PsycLIT. In our review, the following key words were linked with the word sexual: violence, sadism, homicide, coercion, and predator. This search, limited to human subject research published in the English language within the last 10 years, The true prevalence of sexual sadism (and its variants) is unknown. However, all clinicians will knowingly or unknowingly encounter patients with this disorder. Regretfully, few programs offer adequate education in normal sexuality and even less provide training in the assessment and treatment of pathologic sexual interests. This review synthesizes current theories about possible etiologies of criminal sexual sadism and the resulting implications for diagnosis and treatment of this sexual disorder. Included is a review of theories of criminally sadistic sexual motivations, response patterns, and physiology, including possible neurophysiologic factors and more complex interactions. This review focuses primarily on published English-language scientific studies of sexual sadism. It should be noted that my use of the term sadism refers to nonconsensual sexual aggression. Can J Psychiatry 2008;53(10):637-646Highlights · While some scientific evidence supports an interaction between sexual behaviours and aggression, the purported association between sex and violence in media reports is misleading. This is due to a focus on sensational cases, lack of consistency in diagnostic criteria, inconclusive study designs, overgeneralization, and reliance on opinion. · Sexual arousal from consensual interactions that include domination should be distinguished from nonconsensual sex acts. Nonconsensual sex may be opportunistic, disinhibited, or sexually motivated. Often motivations are mixed. · Future research needs to integrate studies to account for how neurophysiologic and neurohormonal events translate into psychologic experiences that in turn are modified by social variables within specific populations across the lifespan. · The frequency of reported sex crimes is decreasing. The efficacy of treatment for paraphilias of all types is improving. Further research into the relation between sex and violence will aid in decreasing sex crimes but more importantly will aid in understanding how to facilitate safe, healthy, and happy sexuality for everyone.resulted in 4211 journal article citations. These citations were combined with 148 journal articles identified by the key word sadomasochism, followed up by referral...

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Neural Substrates of Violent Behaviour a Preliminary Study with Positron Emission Tomography

Cited by 153 publications

References 12 publications

Positron Emission Tomography of Regional Brain Metabolic Responses to a Serotonergic Challenge in Major Depressive Disorder with and without Borderline Personality Disorder

Positron Emission Tomography of Regional Brain Metabolic Responses to a Serotonergic Challenge in Major Depressive Disorder with and without Borderline Personality Disorder

Psychophysiological correlates of aggression and violence: an integrative review

Sadism, Sadomasochism, Sex, and Violence

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