Neural substrates of the interaction of emotional stimulus processing and motor inhibitory control: An emotional linguistic go/no-go fMRI study

Reduced neural activity of the prefrontal cognitive control circuitry during response inhibition to negative words in people with schizophrenia

“…32 Thus, the presence of negative emotional distracters requires additional resources of the cognitive control and emotion regulation network in healthy controls. 44,45 Interestingly, a recent study 46 observed enhanced recruitment of a similar network of brain regions during attempts at suppressing recollection of negative versus neutral learned word pairs. This suggests that these neural resources are increasingly tapped into when negative emotional valence increases processing demands.…”

Dissociable recruitment of rostral anterior cingulate and inferior frontal cortex in emotional response inhibition

“…For example, the emotional Go/NoGo task both assesses motor response inhibition and allows the investigation of perturbations in emotional response monitoring. In particular, fMRI data not only support the role of the IFG in response inhibition and cognitive interference involving affective stimuli Elliott et al, 2000;Goldstein et al, 2007;Hare et al, 2005;Shafritz et al, 2006), but also describe activation within rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) that is modulated by emotional valence (e.g., greater BOLD response to negative versus neutral target stimuli). These rACC/vmPFC activations overlap with regions implicated in a range of paradigms incorporating affective stimuli or emotional provocation that do not necessarily elicit response competition (Bush et al, 2000;Canli et al, 2004;Damasio et al, 2000;Etkin et al, 2006;Keightley et al, 2003;Maddock et al, 2003;Phan et al, 2003;Whalen et al, 1998).…”

A neural model of voluntary and automatic emotion regulation: implications for understanding the pathophysiology and neurodevelopment of bipolar disorder

“…43 Voluntary attentional control Included in voluntary attentional control are (1) selective attention, to direct or redirect attention toward goal-related stimuli, and (2) inhibition, to distract from goal-irrelevant stimuli. For example, using an affective Go/NoGo functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm, Goldstein et al 45 examined the neural correlates of response inhibition to emotional words in healthy adult volunteers. The task involved responding to word stimuli written in normal font (Go trials) and inhibiting responses to words written in italics (NoGo trials).…”

“…This latter region has been demonstrated to be part of the neural network recruited to support this voluntary emotion regulatory subprocess. 45 Voluntary cognitive change: reappraisal One of the first studies to use fMRI to examine the neural correlates of voluntary reappraisal processes involved volunteers viewing negative and neutral pictures while being instructed either to experience the emotion that each picture elicited, or to reappraise the emotional salience by reinterpretation of the negative pictures so that they no longer elicited a negative emotional response. 49 Reappraisal was associated with significantly greater activity in left DLPFC, left VLPFC and left MdPFC.…”