Neural Substrates of Resisting Craving During Cigarette Cue Exposure

Brody, Arthur L.; Mandelkern, M.; Olmstead, Richard; Jou, Jennifer; Tiongson, Emmanuelle; Allen, Valerie; Scheibal, David; London, Edythe D.; Monterosso, John; Tiffany, Stephen T.; Korb, Alex; Gan, Joanna J.; Cohen, Mark S.

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.10.026

Cited by 285 publications

(272 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…First, it builds on initial attempts to study the regulation of responses to drug-related stimuli (34,35) that did not observe significant reductions in craving. Here, we showed that craving could be curbed effectively via a single, clinically relevant strategy that involved cognitively reinterpreting the meaning of an initially craved substance in terms that highlighted its potential longer-term deleterious effects on one's health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, initial steps have been taken toward exploring this hypothesis by showing videos depicting substance use to cigarette smokers (34) or cocaine users (35) while asking them to "resist" or "inhibit" craving, respectively. Although both studies observed activity in at least some regions associated with control, the meaning of these activations is difficult to interpret for three reasons.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Prefrontal–striatal pathway underlies cognitive regulation of craving

Kober

Mende-Siedlecki

Kross

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

616

586

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The ability to control craving for substances that offer immediate rewards but whose long-term consumption may pose serious risks lies at the root of substance use disorders and is critical for mental and physical health. Despite its importance, the neural systems supporting this ability remain unclear. Here, we investigated this issue using functional imaging to examine neural activity in cigarette smokers, the most prevalent substance-dependent population in the United States, as they used cognitive strategies to regulate craving for cigarettes and food. We found that the cognitive down-regulation of craving was associated with (i) activity in regions previously associated with regulating emotion in particular and cognitive control in general, including dorsomedial, dorsolateral, and ventrolateral prefrontal cortices, and (ii) decreased activity in regions previously associated with craving, including the ventral striatum, subgenual cingulate, amygdala, and ventral tegmental area. Decreases in craving correlated with decreases in ventral striatum activity and increases in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity, with ventral striatal activity fully mediating the relationship between lateral prefrontal cortex and reported craving. These results provide insight into the mechanisms that enable cognitive strategies to effectively regulate craving, suggesting that it involves neural dynamics parallel to those involved in regulating other emotions. In so doing, this study provides a methodological tool and conceptual foundation for studying this ability across substance using populations and developing more effective treatments for substance use disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prefrontal–striatal pathway underlies cognitive regulation of craving

Kober

Mende-Siedlecki

Kross

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

616

586

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For instance, female sex was associated with activation in Cun, STG, and Put. The Cun, which subserves visuospatial attention, has been shown to be active in response to smoking cues in several previous studies of smoking cue reactivity (Brody et al, 2007;Smolka et al, 2006;Wilson et al, 2005). The function of the STG in smoking cue reactivity is unclear.…”

Section: Negative Affect and Sexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Differences in Nicotine Dependence, Withdrawal Symptoms, and Sex Predict Transient fMRI-BOLD Responses to Smoking Cues

McClernon

Kozink

Rose

2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

190

146

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Exposure to smoking cues increases craving for cigarettes and can precipitate relapse. Whereas brain imaging studies have identified a distinct network of brain regions subserving the processing of smoking cues, little is known about the influence of individual difference factors and withdrawal symptoms on brain cue reactivity. Multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate relations between individual difference factors and withdrawal symptoms and event-related blood oxygen level-dependent responses to visual smoking cues in a sample of 30 smokers. Predictors were self-report nicotine dependence (Fagerströ m test of nicotine dependence, FTND), prescan withdrawal symptoms (craving and negative affect), and sex. The unique variance of each predictor was examined after controlling for each of the others. Positive associations were observed between FTND and reactivity to cues in right anterior cingulate and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) whereas negative associations were observed between prescan craving and reactivity in ventral striatum. Higher negative affect or being male was associated with greater reactivity in left hippocampus and left OFC. Women exhibited greater cue reactivity than men in regions including the cuneus and left superior temporal gyrus. Individual difference factors and withdrawal symptoms were uniquely associated with brain reactivity to smoking cues in regions subserving reward, affect, attention, motivation, and memory. These findings provide further evidence that reactivity to conditioned drug cues is multiply determined and suggest that smoking cessation treatments designed to reduce cue reactivity focus on each of these variables.

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“…Thus, the neurobiology of craving has been examined principally via human neuroimaging studies. These studies have revealed that a diffuse network of brain regions is reliably engaged by drugrelated cues (for reviews, see [2][3][4][5][6]). …”

Section: Multiple Ambiguities In the Measurement Of Drug Cravingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It therefore remains unclear whether the increased ACC activations reflect specific differences in cravings or differences in other withdrawal-related symptoms. A review of the studies included in the meta-analysis from Sayette & Wilson [1] reveals that only four of 11 studies that assessed the relationship showed significant associations between subjective cravings and ACC activations [3][4][5][6]. Although these results do not rule out a direct relationship between ACC activations and cravings, they do not offer a strong support for this assumption.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroimaging of cigarette cravings: individual differences matter

Potvin

2015

Addiction

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Due to the role of cigarette cravings in smoking relapse, a fair body of work has examined the neural bases underlying the appetitive response to cigarette cues. Unfortunately, a majority of studies performed in the field have only triggered moderate craving levels in their smokers that might not have been potent enough to capture the over-riding effects of cravings on behavior. Arguably, one of the main reasons for this failure is that too many studies were performed in smokers who were allowed to smoke ad libitum before being scanned, instead of being in a state of withdrawal. In our opinion, the intensity of cravings is a critical factor when studying the neural bases of tobacco cravings.What is more challenging about Sayette & Wilson's [1] reasoning is the assertion that moderate craving levels may trigger a brain response that has little to do with that associated with uncontrollable cravings. This stimulating idea is based on the results of Engelmann et al.'s [2] metaanalysis of the neural correlates of tobacco cravings and an updated meta-analysis performed by the authors. Consistent with the authors' idea, the meta-analysis from Engelmann et al. [2] found that studies performed in deprived smokers (who typically reported more intense cravings) showed greater activation in the right superior frontal and the left lingual gyrus than studies performed in non-deprived smokers.However, the Engelman et al. meta-analysis also showed a sizeable overlap between both sets of studies, which produced activations in 44 widespread clusters [2]. These results do not suggest strongly that moderate and intense cravings elicit largely different brain responses. However, it must be acknowledged that this meta-analysis included only 11 studies. The updated meta-analysis of Sayette & Wilson [1], which included 24 studies, showed that studies of deprived smokers elicited stronger activations in the (rostral) anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) than studies of non-deprived smokers. However, the paper does not mention if there were common brain regions activated in both sets of studies. Without this crucial information, it is difficult to judge if moderate and intense cravings elicit unrelated brain networks.Their meta-analysis also did not examine the relationship between brain activations and subjective cravings. It therefore remains unclear whether the increased ACC activations reflect specific differences in cravings or differences in other withdrawal-related symptoms. A review of the studies included in the meta-analysis from Sayette & Wilson [1] reveals that only four of 11 studies that assessed the relationship showed significant associations between subjective cravings and ACC activations [3][4][5][6]. Although these results do not rule out a direct relationship between ACC activations and cravings, they do not offer a strong support for this assumption.Recently, Tang et al. [7] performed a meta-analysis of 13 functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies on tobacco cravings that aggregated analyses of correlations be...

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Neural Substrates of Resisting Craving During Cigarette Cue Exposure

Cited by 285 publications

References 77 publications

Prefrontal–striatal pathway underlies cognitive regulation of craving

Prefrontal–striatal pathway underlies cognitive regulation of craving

Individual Differences in Nicotine Dependence, Withdrawal Symptoms, and Sex Predict Transient fMRI-BOLD Responses to Smoking Cues

Neuroimaging of cigarette cravings: individual differences matter

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