Neural substrates of crossmodal association memory in monkeys: The amygdala versus the anterior rhinal cortex.

Abstract

Nine rhesus monkeys were trained on visual, tactual, and crossmodal (tactual-visual) versions of delayed nonmatching-to-sample (DNMS). They then received bilateral aspiration lesions of the anterior rhinal cortex or bilateral excitotoxic lesions of the amygdala or were retained as unoperated controls. Monkeys with anterior rhinal cortex lesions displayed a persistent deficit on crossmodal DNMS as well as a deficit on tactual DNMS. In contrast, monkeys with amygdala lesions exhibited only a transient impairment on crossmodal DNMS, and their difficulty appeared to be related to inadvertent damage to the anterior rhinal cortex. The present findings support the idea that the rhinal cortex is important for the formation and retrieval of stimulus-stimulus associations across sensory modalities.

Separate but interacting recognition memory systems for different senses: The role of the rat perirhinal cortex

“…As the same tactile cues were present in the light and in the dark, these switches do not provide a pure test of cross-modal matching (Goulet and Murray 2001;Winters and Reid 2010), which is the ability to match object identities by transferring information across sensory modalities. Consequently, the present experimental conditions are different from those in a recent study that examined tactile object recognition (in the dark), visual object recognition (objects were behind a transparent screen so removing tactile cues), and then used a Dark (tactile) Light (vision) switch to demonstrate cross-modal matching (Winters and Reid 2010).…”

“…1B), holds that recognition memory for modalities other than vision relies on separate sensory-specific processes outside the perirhinal region Wan et al 2001;Fritz et al 2005;Winters and Reid 2010). This second model would, however, need to accommodate evidence that the perirhinal region can integrate object information from different senses (Goulet and Murray 2001;Holdstock et al 2009;Winters and Reid 2010). Determining the correct model will appreciably advance our understanding of the basic organization of recognition memory.…”

“…Consequently, the perirhinal cortex might have a general role (Convergent Model) (Fig. 1A), making it important for the recognition of information from multiple sensory modalities (Otto and Eichenbaum 1992a;Suzuki et al 1993;Goulet and Murray 2001). An alternative, Parallel Model (Fig.…”

The neurocognitive bases of human multimodal food perception: Consciousness

“…Indeed, the PrC associates different views and non-visual attributes (like touch or smell) mediating object identification. For example, the PrC has been found to be necessary for crossmodal association memory, in that lesioned monkeys cannot choose a visible object first sampled by touch (Goulet and Murray 2001). Monkeys with rhinal cortical lesions are unable to select visible objects that were selectively and arbitrarily assigned to either a peanut or a sultana which three monkeys orally sampled in full darkness (Parker and Gaffan 1998).…”

Perirhinal Cortex Muscarinic Receptor Blockade Impairs Taste Recognition Memory Formation

“…For example, damage to the perirhinal and entorhinal cortices (referred to as rhinal cortex) impairs cross-modal tactual-visual recognition memory (Goulet and Murray 2001) as well as cross-modal flavor-visual associative memory in which the monkey must use an association between a food cue and a visual object to get a food reward (Parker and Gaffan 1998). In addition, injury to the perirhinal cortex (Meunier et al 1993;Mumby and Pinel 1994;Malkova et al 2001) as well as perirhinal microinjections of the cholinergic muscarinic receptor blocker scopolamine impair visual recognition memory (Tang et al 1997), whereas intraperitoneal administration of physostigmine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, improves it (Aigner and Mishkin 1986).…”