Neural stem/progenitor cell‐derived extracellular vesicles: A novel therapy for neurological diseases and beyond

Li, Xiangyu; Zhu, Yingbo; Wang, Yi; Xia, Xiaohuan; Zheng, Jialin

doi:10.1002/mco2.214

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 200 publications

(491 reference statements)

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“…But recent advances in cellular therapies, particularly stem cell transplantation, have rekindled hope. This discussion brings together insights from various studies and highlights the potential of these therapies, their challenges and areas for future exploration [7][8][9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Cell Therapy Approaches to Autism: A Review of Clinical Trial

2023

J Vaccines Immunol

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Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are characterized by persistent social communication and interaction difficulties, as well as repetitive behavioral patterns, often accompanied by abnormalities of the immune system and inflammatory reactions. Stem cell-based therapies, particularly those involving stem cells, are being investigated as potential treatments. This review examines cellular and molecular ASD abnormalities, stem cell types, animal models, ongoing clinical trials, and therapy limitations. ASD, a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with early onset social communication challenges and repetitive behaviors, lacks effective treatments. New research links ASD to neuroinflammation, microglia and glucose metabolism. Ten clinical trials of cell therapy show generally positive results. Although cell therapies show promise, extensive research is needed. This abstract discusses the potential of cell therapy for conditions lacking effective treatments, including cerebral palsy and ASD. It acknowledges complexity and incomplete understanding of pathophysiology. Disparate results in ASD cell therapy trials raise concerns about therapeutic targets and approaches, which require refined preclinical studies. Global ASD prevalence has increased, but treatments for core symptoms remain inadequate. Stem cell therapies show potential. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as diet and supplements, can address comorbidities. This brief abstract summarizes the aim, methodology, key results and conclusions of the full article. This review analyzes the role of miRNAs in ASD onset and progression. It is exploring miRNAs as regulators of neural development, diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Findings from in vivo and in vitro models, including induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), highlight the miRNA impact on ASD phenotypes. miRNAs are critical to understanding ASD pathogenesis. This review discusses neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (NSC-EVs) as a treatment for CNS disorders. It highlights the mechanisms, therapeutic roles and advantages of cell-free therapy of NSC-EVs. The prevalence of Neuropsychiatric Disorders (NPD) is increasing globally, without full understanding of pathophysiology and effective treatments. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) offer patient-specific neuropharmacological study potential. Guidelines and best practices for hiPSC-based NPD studies, with emphasis on donor selection, experimental design, and translational relevance, aim to improve drug discovery and clinical translation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Cell Therapy Approaches to Autism: A Review of Clinical Trial

2023

J Vaccines Immunol

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“…Vaz demonstrated the increase in the levels of HMGB1 in mSOD1 microglia-derived EVs that can elicit neuroinflammation by disrupting mitophagy flux [ 58 ]. Neural stem cell-derived EVs overexpressing the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor have been shown to alleviate neurologic impairments in ALS mouse models by enhancing neuronal survival and reducing neuroinflammation [ 66 ]. Table 4 summarizes EV miRNA and proteins involved in ALS pathogenesis.…”

Section: The Role Of Extracellular Vesicles In Amyotrophic Lateral Sc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neuromuscular Disorder Mediated by Extracellular Vesicles in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Carata,

Muci,

Di Giulio

et al. 2024

CIMB

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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) represents a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of both upper and lower motor neurons, resulting in muscular atrophy and eventual paralysis. While much research has concentrated on investigating the impact of major mutations associated with ALS on motor neurons and central nervous system (CNS) cells, recent studies have unveiled that ALS pathogenesis extends beyond CNS imbalances, encompassing dysregulation in other tissues such as skeletal muscle. Evidence from animal models and patients supports this broader perspective. Skeletal muscle, once considered solely as an effector organ, is now recognized as possessing significant secretory activity capable of influencing motor neuron survival. However, the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the detrimental effects observed in muscle and its associated structures in ALS remain poorly understood. Additionally, emerging data suggest that extracellular vesicles (EVs) may play a role in the establishment and function of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) under both physiological and pathological conditions and in wasting and regeneration of skeletal muscles, particularly in neurodegenerative diseases like ALS. This review aims to explore the key findings about skeletal muscle involvement in ALS, shedding light on the potential underlying mechanisms and contributions of EVs and their possible application for the design of biosensors.

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“…177 EVs also show significant advantages in neuroprotection, cytoprotection, anti-inflammation, regeneration, and gene transfection. 178 Investigating the mechanisms of EV action and exploring surface modifications to prevent cellular phagocytosis and maximize their efficacy represents a critical avenue for future research in the treatment of SNHL.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%