Neural Stem Cell of the Hippocampus

Rolando, Chiara; Taylor, Verdon

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-416022-4.00007-x

Cited by 72 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…It is now well accepted that a substantial number of new neurons is also generated in the DG of adult humans (Eriksson et al, 1998; Spalding et al, 2013). New neurons fulfill important functions in hippocampal plasticity and it is hypothesized that impaired neurogenesis contributes to the pathophysiology of cognitive symptoms in aging and neuropsychiatric diseases (Abrous and Wojtowicz, 2015; Christian et al, 2014; Rolando and Taylor, 2014). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quiescent radial glia-like NSCs share many characteristics of astrocytes (Rolando and Taylor, 2014), which have a predominantly glycolytic profile (Bé langer et al, 2011; Hamberger and Hyden, 1963; Hyden and Lange, 1962). Notably, recent studies indicated that highly proliferative embryonic neural precursors are glycolytic (Agathocleous et al, 2012; Homem et al, 2014; Khacho et al, 2016; Zheng et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of Mitochondrial Metabolism in the Control of Early Lineage Progression and Aging Phenotypes in Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis

Beckervordersandforth

Ebert

Schäffner

et al. 2017

Neuron

242

192

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SUMMARY Precise regulation of cellular metabolism is hypothesized to constitute a vital component of the developmental sequence underlying the life-long generation of hippocampal neurons from quiescent neural stem cells (NSCs). The identity of stage-specific metabolic programs and their impact on adult neurogenesis are largely unknown. We show that the adult hippocampal neurogenic lineage is critically dependent on the mitochondrial electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation machinery at the stage of the fast proliferating intermediate progenitor cell. Perturbation of mitochondrial complex function by ablation of the mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) reproduces multiple hallmarks of aging in hippocampal neurogenesis, whereas pharmacological enhancement of mitochondrial function ameliorates age-associated neurogenesis defects. Together with the finding of age-associated alterations in mitochondrial function and morphology in NSCs, these data link mitochondrial complex function to efficient lineage progression of adult NSCs and identify mitochondrial function as a potential target to ameliorate neurogenesis-defects in the aging hippocampus.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Mitochondrial Metabolism in the Control of Early Lineage Progression and Aging Phenotypes in Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis

Beckervordersandforth

Ebert

Schäffner

et al. 2017

Neuron

242

192

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“…The neural precursor cells (NPCs) must be located in neurogenic niche, a permissive milieu, which maintain their constant ability to divide and form mature neurons even in the adult brain. The hippocampal SGZ niche is created mainly by astrocytes and blood vessel endothelium, numerously represented in this layer of dentate gyrus (Rolando and Taylor 2014). In SGZ cytoarchitectonics three types of proliferatively active cells have been identified: (1) radial glia-like stem cells, type I cells; (2) non-ciliated cells with nestin expression, type II cells also described as transiently activated progenitor cells, TAP cells; and (3) neuroblasts with doublecortin protein (DCX) and Ki67 expression.…”

Section: Adult Neurogenenesis In the Canonical Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypothalamic Subependymal Niche: A Novel Site of the Adult Neurogenesis

2014

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The discovery of undifferentiated, actively proliferating neural stem cells (NSCs) in the mature brain opened a brand new chapter in the contemporary neuroscience. Adult neurogenesis appears to occur in specific brain regions (including hypothalamus) throughout vertebrates’ life, being considered an important player in the processes of memory, learning, and neural plasticity. In the adult mammalian brain, NSCs are located mainly in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus and in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle ependymal wall. Besides these classical regions, hypothalamic neurogenesis occurring mainly along and beneath the third ventricle wall seems to be especially well documented. Neurogenic zones in SGZ, SVZ, and in the hypothalamus share some particular common features like similar cellular cytoarchitecture, vascularization pattern, and extracellular matrix properties. Hypothalamic neurogenic niche is formed mainly by four special types of radial glia-like tanycytes. They are characterized by distinct expression of some neural progenitor and stem cell markers. Moreover, there are numerous suggestions that newborn hypothalamic neurons have a significant ability to integrate into the local neural pathways and to play important physiological roles, especially in the energy balance regulation. Newly formed neurons in the hypothalamus can synthesize and release food intake regulating neuropeptides and they are sensitive to the leptin. On the other hand, high-fat diet positively influences hypothalamic neurogenesis in rodents. The nature of this intriguing new site of adult neurogenesis is still so far poorly studied and requires further investigations.

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“…The quiescent NSCs have longer cell cycle time while the active NSCs proliferate more actively and respond to stimulus more quickly (Rolando and Taylor, 2014; Goncalves et al, 2016). The quiescent NSCs exhibit radial morphology with long processes extending into the granular zone, and the active NSCs mostly show horizontal morphology located at the basal of granular zone (Lugert et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxiety Specific Response and Contribution of Active Hippocampal Neural Stem Cells to Chronic Pain Through Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Mice

Zhao

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2018

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

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Chronic pain usually results in persistent anxiety, which worsens the life quality of patients and complicates the treatment of pain. Hippocampus is one of the few brain regions in many mammalians species which harbors adult neural stem cells (NSCs), and plays a key role in the development and maintenance of chronic anxiety. Recent studies have suggested a potential involvement of hippocampal neurogenesis in modulating chronic pain. Whether and how hippocampal NSCs are involved in the pain-associated anxiety remains unclear. Here, we report that mice suffering persistent neuropathic pain showed a quick reduction of active NSCs in the ventral dentate gyrus (vDG), which was followed by the decrease of neurogenesis and appearance of anxiety. Wnt/β-catenin signaling, a key pathway in sustaining the active status of NSCs was suppressed in the vDG of mice suffering chronic pain. Depleting β-catenin by inducible Nestin-Cre significantly reduced the number of active NSCs and facilitated anxiety development, while expressing stabilized β-catenin amplified active NSCs and alleviated anxiety, indicating that Wnt activated NSCs is required for anxiety development under chronic pain. Treatment with Fluoxetine, the most widely used anxiolytic in clinic, significantly increased the proliferation of active NSCs and enhanced Wnt signaling. Interestingly, both β-catenin manipulation and Fluoxetine treatment had no significant effects on the pain thresholds. Therefore, our data demonstrated an anxiety-specific response and contribution of activated NSCs to chronic pain through Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which may be targeted for treating chronic pain- or other diseases-associated anxiety.

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Neural Stem Cell of the Hippocampus

Cited by 72 publications

References 93 publications

Role of Mitochondrial Metabolism in the Control of Early Lineage Progression and Aging Phenotypes in Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis

Role of Mitochondrial Metabolism in the Control of Early Lineage Progression and Aging Phenotypes in Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis

Hypothalamic Subependymal Niche: A Novel Site of the Adult Neurogenesis

Anxiety Specific Response and Contribution of Active Hippocampal Neural Stem Cells to Chronic Pain Through Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Mice

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