Neural responses to various rewards and feedback in the brains of adolescent Internet addicts detected by functional magnetic resonance imaging

Kim, Jieun; Son, Jung-woo; Choi, Won-Hee; Kim, Yeoung-Rang; Oh, Jong-Hyun; Lee, Seungbok; Kim, Jang-Kyu

doi:10.1111/pcn.12154

Cited by 31 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…IGA is particularly harmful to brain development in both structural and functional aspects, as adolescence is a time of considerable development in the brain (Blakemore & Choudhury ), and adolescents are more vulnerable to addiction than adults (Kim et al . ). Indeed, structural alterations of adolescents' brain being addicted to Internet gaming have been suggested in terms of changes in grey matter density (Zhou et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Is the Internet gaming‐addicted brain close to be in a pathological state?

et al. 2015

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Internet gaming addiction (IGA) is becoming a common and widespread mental health concern. Although IGA induces a variety of negative psychosocial consequences, it is yet ambiguous whether the brain addicted to Internet gaming is considered to be in a pathological state. We investigated IGA-induced abnormalities of the brain specifically from the network perspective and qualitatively assessed whether the Internet gaming-addicted brain is in a state similar to the pathological brain. Topological properties of brain functional networks were examined by applying a graphtheoretical approach to analyzing functional magnetic resonance imaging data acquired during a resting state in 19 IGA adolescents and 20 age-matched healthy controls. We compared functional distance-based measures, global and local efficiency of resting state brain functional networks between the two groups to assess how the IGA subjects' brain was topologically altered from the controls' brain. The IGA subjects had severer impulsiveness and their brain functional networks showed higher global efficiency and lower local efficiency relative to the controls. These topological differences suggest that IGA induced brain functional networks to shift toward the random topological architecture, as exhibited in other pathological states. Furthermore, for the IGA subjects, the topological alterations were specifically attributable to interregional connections incident on the frontal region, and the degree of impulsiveness was associated with the topological alterations over the frontolimbic connections. The current findings lend support to the proposition that the Internet gaming-addicted brain could be in the state similar to pathological states in terms of topological characteristics of brain functional networks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Is the Internet gaming‐addicted brain close to be in a pathological state?

et al. 2015

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“…Anhedonia has been associated with lower sensitivity to reward (Huys, Pizzagalli, Bogdan, & Dayan, 2013; Liu et al, 2014) and less activation in the ventral striatum in response to pleasant or rewarding stimuli (Der-Avakian & Markou, 2012; Keller et al, 2013; Steele, Kumar, & Ebmeier, 2007), and in studies that have not severely limited the presence of depressive symptoms, IA has also been associated with lower sensitivity to reward (Kim et al, 2014; Yau, Potenza, Mayes, & Crowley, 2015), which is apparently tied to decrements in the reward-related subcortical system (Kim, et al, 2014). Furthermore, anhedonia is not only a symptom of depression but has been conceptualized and evidenced as a trait vulnerability to depression (Di Nicola et al, 2013; Schrader, 1997), and it is therefore possible that trait anhedonia may also increase susceptibility to IA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal associations between anhedonia and internet-related addictive behaviors in emerging adults

Guillot

Bello

Tsai

et al. 2016

Computers in Human Behavior

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Internet addiction (including online gaming) has been associated with depression. However, most prior research relating internet addiction symptomatology to depressive symptoms has been cross-sectional, conducted with children and adolescents, and only examined depressive symptoms as a broad construct. The purpose of the current study was to examine potential longitudinal associations between anhedonia (i.e., difficulty experiencing pleasure, a key facet of depression) and internet-related addictive behaviors in 503 at-risk emerging adults (former attendees of alternative high schools). Participants completed surveys at baseline and approximately one year later (9–18 months later). Results indicated that trait anhedonia prospectively predicted greater levels of compulsive internet use and addiction to online activities as well as a greater likelihood of addiction to online/offline video games. These findings suggest that anhedonia may contribute to the development of internet-related addictive behaviors in the emerging adult population. Thus, interventions that target anhedonia in emerging adulthood (e.g., bupropion treatment or behavioral activation therapy) may help prevent or treat internet addiction.

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“…Addiction, however, has also been associated with deficits in the dopaminergic reward system, leading to the “reward deficiency hypothesis” (21) in which problems of substance addiction are viewed as compensatory behavior for deficiencies in the reward system (22). Consistent with this view, IGD individuals showed reduced levels of dopamine D 2 receptor availability and dopamine transporter (23, 24), as well as reduced striatum activation for cues predicting monetary reward during Internet games (25, 26). Both views may explain the poor academic achievement often observed in adolescents and young adults with IGD (27).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Impaired Feedback Processing for Symbolic Reward in Individuals with Internet Game Overuse

Kim

Kang

2017

Front. Psychiatry

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Reward processing, which plays a critical role in adaptive behavior, is impaired in addiction disorders, which are accompanied by functional abnormalities in brain reward circuits. Internet gaming disorder, like substance addiction, is thought to be associated with impaired reward processing, but little is known about how it affects learning, especially when feedback is conveyed by less-salient motivational events. Here, using both monetary (±500 KRW) and symbolic (Chinese characters “right” or “wrong”) rewards and penalties, we investigated whether behavioral performance and feedback-related neural responses are altered in Internet game overuse (IGO) group. Using functional MRI, brain responses for these two types of reward/penalty feedback were compared between young males with problems of IGO (IGOs, n = 18, mean age = 22.2 ± 2.0 years) and age-matched control subjects (Controls, n = 20, mean age = 21.2 ± 2.1) during a visuomotor association task where associations were learned between English letters and one of four responses. No group difference was found in adjustment of error responses following the penalty or in brain responses to penalty, for either monetary or symbolic penalties. The IGO individuals, however, were more likely to fail to choose the response previously reinforced by symbolic (but not monetary) reward. A whole brain two-way ANOVA analysis for reward revealed reduced activations in the IGO group in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex/ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in response to both reward types, suggesting impaired reward processing. However, the responses to reward in the inferior parietal region and medial orbitofrontal cortex/vmPFC were affected by the types of reward in the IGO group. Unlike the control group, in the IGO group the reward response was reduced only for symbolic reward, suggesting lower attentional and value processing specific to symbolic reward. Furthermore, the more severe the Internet gaming overuse symptoms in the IGO group, the greater the activations of the ventral striatum for monetary relative to symbolic reward. These findings suggest that IGO is associated with bias toward motivationally salient reward, which would lead to poor goal-directed behavior in everyday life.

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Neural responses to various rewards and feedback in the brains of adolescent Internet addicts detected by functional magnetic resonance imaging

Cited by 31 publications

References 34 publications

Is the Internet gaming‐addicted brain close to be in a pathological state?

Is the Internet gaming‐addicted brain close to be in a pathological state?

Longitudinal associations between anhedonia and internet-related addictive behaviors in emerging adults

Impaired Feedback Processing for Symbolic Reward in Individuals with Internet Game Overuse

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