Neural responses to silent lipreading in normal hearing male and female subjects

Ruytjens, Liesbet; Albers, F. W. J.; Dijk, Pim van; Wit, H. P.; Willemsen, Antoon T. M.

doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.05072.x

Cited by 37 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(114 reference statements)

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“…Males, on the other hand, only activated secondary auditory areas, which might indicate that they rely less on the auditory counterpart of the visible speech image than females. This hypothesis is supported by previously reported sex differences in other brain regions during lipreading [Ruytjens et al, 2006]. It was found that females have more activation in multimodal inferior parietal, inferior frontal, precentral and angular regions, suggesting that females associate the lip movements with the absent speech sound and mirror the moving lips.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…These results, together with previously reported sex differences in activation during lipreading [Ruytjens et al, 2006], suggest that a different neural network is involved in lipreading in the two sexes. Both groups scored high on the test and this indicates that neither pattern of activity is superior to the other in terms of performance in the present lipreading task.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

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Activation in Primary Auditory Cortex during Silent Lipreading Is Determined by Sex

Ruytjens¹,

Albers

Dijk³

et al. 2007

Audiol Neurotol

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Recent studies investigating whether the primary auditory cortex (PAC) is involved in silent lipreading gave inconsistent results. We used positron emission tomography to identify which areas in the temporal lobe process visible speech, with a focus on the PAC. Subjects were tested on lipreading numbers and only the best lipreaders were included in the study (n = 18; 9 female, 9 male). Each subject was scanned while either watching a movie with a speaker silently articulating numbers (lipreading condition) or watching a static image of the same speaker (baseline condition). Subjects were instructed to repeat internally the number seen or the number ‘1’. Compared to the baseline condition, silent lipreading activated temporal areas in both hemispheres with the largest activation clusters in the left hemisphere. When the whole group was examined, no activation in the PAC was found. But when investigating the two sexes separately, the female group demonstrated activation of the left PAC. There was no significant activation in the right female PAC or in the left and right male PAC. Since both groups had similar performances in lipreading, differential activity in the PAC has no effect on lipreading scores. These results may explain previous inconsistent results where no differentiation for sex was made.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Activation in Primary Auditory Cortex during Silent Lipreading Is Determined by Sex

Ruytjens¹,

Albers

Dijk³

et al. 2007

Audiol Neurotol

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show abstract

“…Similarly, when women are visually learning novel pseudowords, they bilaterally activate their so-called visual word form area; men primarily activate just the left visual word form area (Chen et al, 2007;Dong et al, 2008). Finally, Ruytjens, Albers, van Dijk, Wit, and Willemsen (2006) reported that men when speech-reading numbers activated a more left-lateralized set of networks than women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Are Women More Influenced than Men by Top-down Semantic Information When Listening to Disrupted Speech?

et al. 2011

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Perception is a product of the interaction between bottom-up sensory processing and top-down higher order cognitive activity. For example, when the initial phoneme of a word is obliterated and replaced with noise, listeners hear it as intact provided there is semantic context. We modified this phonemic restoration paradigm by masking (not obliterating) the initial phoneme of a target word and presenting it within a carrier phrase which was informative (I), uninformative (U), or misinformative (M). Bias in favor of top-down context was measured as the extent to which M trials mislead listeners into reporting a target word other than that which was presented (relative to U trials that have irrelevant top-down semantic context). Forty-one participants (20 men) completed 600 test trials (300 delayed report of the phrase, 300 forced choice). Relative to the U condition, women were more affected by both the I and M cues than men, at certain levels of audibility during the forced choice condition. Moreover, the semantic strength of the I carrier phrases was correlated with the rate of correct reports of the target words in women but not in men.This suggests that women can be more affected by top-down semantic context than men.

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“…Primary sensory fields may even achieve multisensory status as a function of associative learning. For example, primary auditory cortex in humans is responsive to specific silent visual scenes of speech (Ruytjens, Albers, van Dijk, Wit, & Willemsen, 2006) and there is multisensory integration of faces and voices in A1 of rhesus monkeys (Ghazanfar, Maier, Hoffman, & Logothetis, 2005). Multisensory integration in A1 can be formed during learning (Brosch, Selezneva, & Scheich, 2005) and in subsequent memory effects of multimodal sensory pre-conditioning (Headley & Weinberger, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning strategy refinement reverses early sensory cortical map expansion but not behavior: Support for a theory of directed cortical substrates of learning and memory

Elias

Bieszczad

Weinberger

2015

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

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Primary sensory cortical fields develop highly specific associative representational plasticity, notably enlarged area of representation of reinforced signal stimuli within their topographic maps. However, overtraining subjects after they have solved an instrumental task can reduce or eliminate the expansion while the successful behavior remains. As the development of this plasticity depends on the learning strategy used to solve a task, we asked whether the loss of expansion is due to the strategy used during overtraining. Adult male rats were trained in a three-tone auditory discrimination task to bar-press to the CS+ for water reward and refrain from doing so during the CS− tones and silent intertrial intervals; errors were punished by a flashing light and time-out penalty. Groups acquired this task to a criterion within seven training sessions by relying on a strategy that was “bar-press from tone-onset-to-error signal” (“TOTE”). Three groups then received different levels of overtraining: Group ST, none; Group RT, one week; Group OT, three weeks. Post-training mapping of their primary auditory fields (A1) showed that Groups ST and RT had developed significantly expanded representational areas, specifically restricted to the frequency band of the CS+ tone. In contrast, the A1 of Group OT was no different from naïve controls. Analysis of learning strategy revealed this group had shifted strategy to a refinement of TOTE in which they self-terminated bar-presses before making an error (“iTOTE”). Across all animals, the greater the use of iTOTE, the smaller was the representation of the CS+ in A1. Thus, the loss of cortical expansion is attributable to a shift or refinement in strategy. This reversal of expansion was considered in light of a novel theoretical framework (CONCERTO) highlighting four basic principles of brain function that resolve anomalous findings and explaining why even a minor change in strategy would involve concomitant shifts of involved brain sites, including reversal of cortical expansion.

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Neural responses to silent lipreading in normal hearing male and female subjects

Cited by 37 publications

References 59 publications

Activation in Primary Auditory Cortex during Silent Lipreading Is Determined by Sex

Activation in Primary Auditory Cortex during Silent Lipreading Is Determined by Sex

Are Women More Influenced than Men by Top-down Semantic Information When Listening to Disrupted Speech?

Learning strategy refinement reverses early sensory cortical map expansion but not behavior: Support for a theory of directed cortical substrates of learning and memory

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