Neural responses in retrosplenial cortex associated with environmental alterations

Carstensen, Lucas C.; Alexander, Andrew S.; Chapman, G. William; Lee, Aubrey J.; Hasselmo, Michael E.

doi:10.1016/j.isci.2021.103377

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…These findings are consistent with findings of a previous study showing that glutamatergic cells in the MSDB remain tuned to running speed in the absence of optic flow ( Justus et al, 2016 ). The finding that visual inputs do not alter the temporal dynamics of cholinergic activity as a function of running speed are similar to findings in previous studies of a potential speed code by firing rate in neurons of the entorhinal cortex ( Dannenberg et al, 2020 ), in retrosplenial cortex ( Carstensen et al, 2021 ), and posterior parietal cortex ( Alexander et al, 2022 ) that demonstrated no change in the speed tuning of normalized firing rates during darkness. However, those studies showed a change in the gain of speed tuning of absolute firing rates during darkness.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Temporal dynamics of cholinergic activity in the septo-hippocampal system

Kopsick

Hartzell

Lazaro

et al. 2022

Front. Neural Circuits

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Cholinergic projection neurons in the medial septum and diagonal band of Broca are the major source of cholinergic modulation of hippocampal circuit functions that support neural coding of location and running speed. Changes in cholinergic modulation are known to correlate with changes in brain states, cognitive functions, and behavior. However, whether cholinergic modulation can change fast enough to serve as a potential speed signal in hippocampal and parahippocampal cortices and whether the temporal dynamics in such a signal depend on the presence of visual cues remain unknown. In this study, we use a fiber-photometric approach to quantify the temporal dynamics of cholinergic activity in freely moving mice as a function of the animal’s movement speed and visual cues. We show that the population activity of cholinergic neurons in the medial septum and diagonal band of Broca changes fast enough to be aligned well with changes in the animal’s running speed and is strongly and linearly correlated to the logarithm of the animal’s running speed. Intriguingly, the cholinergic modulation remains strongly and linearly correlated to the speed of the animal’s neck movements during periods of stationary activity. Furthermore, we show that cholinergic modulation is unaltered during darkness. Lastly, we identify rearing, a stereotypic behavior where the mouse stands on its hindlimbs to scan the environment from an elevated perspective, is associated with higher cholinergic activity than expected from neck movements on the horizontal plane alone. Taken together, these data show that temporal dynamics in the cholinergic modulation of hippocampal circuits are fast enough to provide a potential running speed signal in real-time. Moreover, the data show that cholinergic modulation is primarily a function of the logarithm of the animal’s movement speed, both during locomotion and during stationary activity, with no significant interaction with visual inputs. These data advance our understanding of temporal dynamics in cholinergic modulation of hippocampal circuits and their functions in the context of neural coding of location and running speed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Temporal dynamics of cholinergic activity in the septo-hippocampal system

Kopsick

Hartzell

Lazaro

et al. 2022

Front. Neural Circuits

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“…Despite the strong evidence for the importance of sensory input in driving grid cells, many existing models of grid cells instead focus on the phenomenon of path integration, in which the grid cell firing field is updated based on the animal's current movement velocity, consistent with coding of running speed in hippocampus (McNaughton et al, 1983), entorhinal cortex (Dannenberg et al, 2019; Kropff et al, 2015; Wills et al, 2012) and retrosplenial cortex (Carstensen et al, 2021). Path integration was the primary mechanism used for generating grid cell firing fields in all of the attractor dynamic models of grid cells (Burak & Fiete, 2009; Fuhs & Touretzky, 2006; Guanella et al, 2007; McNaughton et al, 2006), as well as the oscillatory interference models of grid cells (Burgess, 2008; Burgess et al, 2007; Hasselmo, 2008; Zilli et al, 2009; Zilli & Hasselmo, 2010).…”

Section: Review Of Models Of Spatial Coordinate Representationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gated transformations from egocentric to allocentric reference frames involving retrosplenial cortex, entorhinal cortex, and hippocampus

et al. 2023

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This paper reviews the recent experimental finding that neurons in behaving rodents show egocentric coding of the environment in a number of structures associated with the hippocampus. Many animals generating behavior on the basis of sensory input must deal with the transformation of coordinates from the egocentric position of sensory input relative to the animal, into an allocentric framework concerning the position of multiple goals and objects relative to each other in the environment. Neurons in retrosplenial cortex show egocentric coding of the position of boundaries in relation to an animal. These neuronal responses are discussed in relation to existing models of the transformation from egocentric to allocentric coordinates using gain fields and a new model proposing transformations of phase coding that differ from current models. The same type of transformations could allow hierarchical representations of complex scenes. The responses in rodents are also discussed in comparison to work on coordinate transformations in humans and non-human primates.

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“…5 D) also indicates its importance in adapting rats to unexpected terrain. This may be related to the functions of RSP with multisensory information integration, terrain feature information recognition, and motion planning [ 48 – 50 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-Varying Functional Connectivity of Rat Brain during Bipedal Walking on Unexpected Terrain

Liu

et al. 2023

Cyborg Bionic Syst

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The cerebral cortex plays an important role in human and other animal adaptation to unpredictable terrain changes, but little was known about the functional network among the cortical areas during this process. To address the question, we trained 6 rats with blocked vision to walk bipedally on a treadmill with a random uneven area. Whole-brain electroencephalography signals were recorded by 32-channel implanted electrodes. Afterward, we scan the signals from all rats using time windows and quantify the functional connectivity within each window using the phase-lag index. Finally, machine learning algorithms were used to verify the possibility of dynamic network analysis in detecting the locomotion state of rats. We found that the functional connectivity level was higher in the preparation phase compared to the walking phase. In addition, the cortex pays more attention to the control of hind limbs with higher requirements for muscle activity. The level of functional connectivity was lower where the terrain ahead can be predicted. Functional connectivity bursts after the rat accidentally made contact with uneven terrain, while in subsequent movement, it was significantly lower than normal walking. In addition, the classification results show that using the phase-lag index of multiple gait phases as a feature can effectively detect the locomotion states of rat during walking. These results highlight the role of the cortex in the adaptation of animals to unexpected terrain and may help advance motor control studies and the design of neuroprostheses.

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Neural responses in retrosplenial cortex associated with environmental alterations

Cited by 14 publications

References 48 publications

Temporal dynamics of cholinergic activity in the septo-hippocampal system

Temporal dynamics of cholinergic activity in the septo-hippocampal system

Gated transformations from egocentric to allocentric reference frames involving retrosplenial cortex, entorhinal cortex, and hippocampus

Time-Varying Functional Connectivity of Rat Brain during Bipedal Walking on Unexpected Terrain

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