Neural Processing Underlying Executive Functions in Bilinguals: “Heads I Win, Tails You Lose”

Cespón, Jesús

doi:10.3389/fnhum.2021.710905

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Thus, high levels of CR are associated with the maintenance of neural activity patterns observed in young adults (i.e., faster latencies, enhanced amplitudes, and differentiated brain activity patterns) rather than with the deployment of neural compensatory mechanisms. In response to requirements formulated in recent studies (Cespón, 2021;de Bruin et al, 2021), the results of the present study provide an important experimental foundation to interpret whether specific variables and lifestyle factors (such as physical exercise, playing music, or speaking two or more languages) increase executive functions and CR by inducing neural activity patterns associated with high CR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Cognitive reserve counteracts typical neural activity changes related to ageing

Cespón

Chupina

Carreiras

2023

Preprint

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Studies have shown that older adults with high Cognitive Reserve (HCR) exhibit better executive functioning than their low CR (LCR) counterparts. However, the neural processes linked to those differences are unclear. This study investigates (1) the neural processes underlying enhanced executive functions in older adults with HCR and (2) how executive control differences are modulated by task difficulty. We recruited 74 participants, who performed two executive control tasks with different difficulty levels while recording the electroencephalogram. The accuracy on both tasks requiring inhibition of irrelevant information was better in the HCR than the LCR group. Also, in the more demanding task, event-related potentials (ERP) latencies related to inhibition and working memory update were faster in HCR than LCR. Moreover, the HCR, but not the LCR, showed larger P300 amplitude in parietal than frontal regions and in the left than right hemisphere, suggesting a posterior to anterior shift of activity and loss of inter-hemispheric asymmetries in LCR participants. These results suggest that high CR counteracts neural activity changes related to ageing. Thus, high levels of CR can be related to maintenance of neural activity patterns typically observed in young adults rather than to deployment of neural compensatory mechanisms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Cognitive reserve counteracts typical neural activity changes related to ageing

Cespón

Chupina

Carreiras

2023

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thus, high levels of CR are associated with the maintenance of neural activity patterns observed in young adults (i.e., earlier latencies, enhanced amplitudes, and differentiated brain activity patterns) rather than with the deployment of neural compensatory mechanisms. In response to requirements formulated in recent studies (Cespón, 2021;de Bruin et al, 2021), the results of the present study provide an important experimental foundation to interpret whether specific variables and lifestyle factors (such as physical exercise, playing music, or speaking two or more languages) increase executive functions and CR by inducing neural activity patterns associated with high CR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%