Neural plasticity, neuropeptides and anxiety in animals — implications for understanding and treating affective disorder following traumatic stress in humans

Adamec, Robert E.; Kent, Pamela; Anisman, Hymie; Shallow, Tanya; Merali, Zul

doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(98)00032-3

Cited by 134 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 49 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition to BI, ferret exposure invoked a marked increase in plasma corticosterone concentrations similar to published reports demonstrating elevated plasma corticosterone following exposure of a rat to either a predator or the odor of a predator including the fox odor TMT (File et al, 1993;Adamec et al, 1998;Blanchard et al, 1998;Perrot-Sinal et al, 1999;Morrow et al, 2000). Similarly, exposure to the odor of a ferret has been reported to increase rat corticosterone levels (Masini et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Predator threat induces behavioral inhibition, pituitary-adrenal activation and changes in amygdala CRF-binding protein gene expression

Roseboom

Nanda

Bakshi

et al. 2007

Psychoneuroendocrinology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryBehavioral inhibition (BI) is an adaptive defensive response to threat; however, extreme BI is associated with anxiety-related psychopathology. When rats are exposed to a natural predator they display stress-and anxiety-related behavioral alterations and physiological activation. To develop a preclinical rodent model to study mechanisms underlying human BI and anxiety, we examined the extent to which ferret exposure elicits anxiety-related BI and HPA and amygdala activation of the CRF system. In the first experiment, BI and other behaviors were assessed in the presence or absence of a ferret. In the second experiment, ferret-induced corticosterone release and changes in brain cfos expression were assessed. In the final experiment, gene chip and quantitative real time-PCR analyses were performed on amygdala tissue from control and ferret-exposed rats. Ferret exposure increased BI and submissive posturing, as well as plasma corticosterone and the number of Fospositive cells in several brain regions including the amygdala. Gene expression analysis revealed increased amygdalar mRNA for CRF-binding protein, but not the CRF 1 receptor, CRF 2 receptor or CRF. In rodents, ferret exposure can be used to elicit anxiety-related BI, which is associated with HPA and amygdala activation. Since the amygdala and the CRF system have been implicated in adaptive and maladaptive anxiety responses in humans, these data support use of our rodent model to further investigate mechanisms underlying anxiety-related psychopathology in humans.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Predator threat induces behavioral inhibition, pituitary-adrenal activation and changes in amygdala CRF-binding protein gene expression

Roseboom

Nanda

Bakshi

et al. 2007

Psychoneuroendocrinology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In keeping with the work of Blanchard et al (1990Blanchard et al ( , 1998Blanchard et al ( , 1993, Shalev (2000), Adamec (1997), Adamec R et al (1998), Adamec RE et al (1999, 1997, and our own previous studies (Cohen et al (2000(Cohen et al ( , 1996(Cohen et al ( , 2003(Cohen et al ( , 1999, the observed behaviours at this time point are considered to reflect relatively long-term and persistent changes. Since it has as yet not been possible to design an animal model for the intrusive cluster of symptoms, changes such as these, which persist over the space of a week or more, are considered a fair representation of PTSDlike symptoms in terms of animal models.…”

Section: Behavioral Assessments For Determination Of Cbcsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…Over the past decades, a variety of animal models have been put forward as being valid for the study of stress and anxiety, and of their chronic or long-term effects, such as inescapable electric (foot) shock (Pynoos et al, 1996;Servatius et al, 1995), social confrontations (Stam et al, 2000), underwater trauma (Richter-Levin, 1998;Wang et al, 2000), and exposure to a predator (Adamec, 1997;Adamec R et al, 1998;Adamec RE et al, 1999;Adamec and Shallow 1993;Adamec RE et al, 1997;Cohen et al, 2000;Cohen et al, 1996;Cohen et al, 2003;Cohen et al, 1999). Various behavioral tests and biophysiologic measures have been performed ensuing the exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Setting Apart the Affected: The Use of Behavioral Criteria in Animal Models of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

Cohen

Zohar

Matar

et al. 2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

234

142

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects about 20-30% of exposed individuals. Clinical studies of PTSD generally employ stringent criteria for inclusion in study populations, and yet in animal studies the data collection and analysis are generally expressed as a function of exposed vs nonexposed populations, regardless of individual variation in response. Prior data support an approach to animal models analogous to inclusion criteria in clinical studies. This series of studies sought to assess prevalence rates of maladaptive vs adaptive responses determined according to a more stringent approach to the concept of inclusion/exclusion criteria (cutoff behavioral criteriaFCBC), consisting of two successive behavioral tests (elevated plus maze and acoustic startle response tests). The rats were exposed to stressors in two different paradigms; exposure to a predator and underwater trauma. The prevalence rates of maladaptive responses to stress in these two distinct models dropped over time from 90% in the acute phase to 25% enduring/maladaptive response at 7 days, to remain constant over 30 days. As setting the affected individuals apart from the unaffected approximates clinical studies, it might also help to clarify some of the pending issues in PTSD research.

show abstract

“…Live predators are powerful stimuli that even with short exposures can lead to reliable and relatively long-lasting changes (often seen as facilitation or sensitization) in behavioral and neuroendocrine responses in a variety of situations (Adamec et al, 1998(Adamec et al, , 2007(Adamec et al, , 1999Adamec and Shallow, 1993;Blanchard et al, 1998b;Blundell et al, 2005;Figueiredo et al, 2003). Whether such sensitizing actions take place with predator odors alone has not been investigated extensively, although some reports with cat odor (Adamec et al, 2006) and our work with ferret odor (Masini et al, 2006a) suggest that this might be the case.…”

Section: Subacute and Chronic Effects Of Ferret Odor On Neuroendocrinmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Prior work with predators and their odors in rodents indicates that repeated (sometimes single) exposures to these stimuli produce a number of effects ranging from habituation and sensitization, to conditioned fear (Adamec et al, 1998Adamec and Shallow, 1993;Blanchard et al, 2003aBlanchard et al, ,c, 1990aBlanchard et al, ,c, 1998bBlanchard et al, , 2001Endres and Fendt, 2007;Figueiredo et al, 2003;File et al, 1993;McGregor et al, 2002;Takahashi et al, 2005;Wallace and Rosen, 2000;File, 1994, 1992), that have been shown to be sustained and long-lasting in some instances. While repeated exposure to live cat is reported to produce little behavioral habituation in rats (Blanchard et al, 1998b;Figueiredo et al, 2003), their odors, which are thought to provide only a "partial predator stimulus" (Dielenberg and McGregor, 2001), produce variable development of clear behavioral (Blanchard et al, 1990;File et al, 1993;Takahashi et al, 2005;File, 1994, 1992) or neuroendocrine habituation (File et al, 1993).…”

Section: Subacute and Chronic Effects Of Ferret Odor On Neuroendocrinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute and chronic effects of ferret odor exposure in Sprague–Dawley rats

Campeau

Nyhuis

Sasse

et al. 2008

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This manuscript describes several behavioral and functional studies evaluating the capacity of ferret odors to elicit a number of acute and long-term responses in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Acute presentation elicits multiple responses, suggesting that ferret odor, likely from skin gland secretions, provides an anxiogenic-like stimulus in this strain of rats. Compared to cat odor, however, ferret odor did not produce rapid fear conditioning, a result perhaps attributable to methodological factors. Inactivation of the olfactory system and medial nucleus of the amygdala, combined with induction of the immediate-early gene c-fos, suggest the necessity of the accessory olfactory system in mediating the effects of ferret odor. Repeated exposures to ferret odor produce variable habituation of neuroendocrine and behavioral responses, perhaps indicative of the lack of control over the exact individual origin or concentration of ferret odor. Ferret odor induces rapid and long-term body weight regulation, thymic involution, adrenal hyperplasia and facilitation of the neuroendocrine response to additional challenges. It is argued that the use of such odors is exquisitely suited to investigate the brain regions coordinating anxiety-like responses and the long-term changes elicited by such stimuli.

show abstract

Neural plasticity, neuropeptides and anxiety in animals — implications for understanding and treating affective disorder following traumatic stress in humans

Cited by 134 publications

References 49 publications

Predator threat induces behavioral inhibition, pituitary-adrenal activation and changes in amygdala CRF-binding protein gene expression

Predator threat induces behavioral inhibition, pituitary-adrenal activation and changes in amygdala CRF-binding protein gene expression

Setting Apart the Affected: The Use of Behavioral Criteria in Animal Models of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

Acute and chronic effects of ferret odor exposure in Sprague–Dawley rats

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About