Neural organization of the second optic neuropil, the medulla, in the highly visual semiterrestrial crab <i>Neohelice granulata</i>

Sztarker, Julieta; Tomsic, Daniel

doi:10.1002/cne.23589

Cited by 11 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…These terminals appear larger than the tangential terminals identified in the hemispheral parts of the medulla. Sztarker et al (2005Sztarker et al ( , 2014 found transmedullary (Tm) cells in their longitudinal sections with prominent flattened Y-shaped bifurcations in their distal dendrites (Fig. 6.3.5).…”

Section: Termination Patternsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Some of the terminal identities have therefore been assumed based on similarities between these and the termination pattern of the crab (Sztarker and Tomsic, 2014). Terminals that have been identified is the M2 terminal with its radial arborisations and terminals of monopolar cell 3 (M3) and 4 (M4) was with some variations identified as M3' ad M4' according to the naming schedule in Sztarker et al (2014).…”

Section: Termination Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Terminals that have been identified is the M2 terminal with its radial arborisations and terminals of monopolar cell 3 (M3) and 4 (M4) was with some variations identified as M3' ad M4' according to the naming schedule in Sztarker et al (2014). The medulla also receives axons from tangential fibres in the lamina, which terminate distally between the surface and the first layers of the medulla and have their somata has a radially projecting shallow ending just penetrating the surface of the medulla.…”

Section: Termination Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, while the insect visual processing system has been scrutinised in thousands of studies, there is an absence of knowledge about crustacean medulla. The optic lobes of crayfish (Nässel, 1977, Strausfeld andNässel, 1981), crabs (Beron de Astrada et al, 2001, Sztarker et al, 2009, Sztarker and Tomsic, 2014, prawns (Nässel, 1975) and lobsters (Hamori and Horridge, 1966) have been examined but only a few of these focused on the medulla. Our understanding and knowledge about this complicated, but important neuropil in crustaceans is therefore limited and although comparisons with the insect medulla can give us clues to its origin and function there is still a need for further investigations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We chose to compare the optic lobes of the stomatopod to another crustacean with vision as a dominant sensory modality and active visual behaviour, namely the crab Neohelice granulata (until recently named Chasmagnathus granulatus, Sztarker et al, 2005, Sztarker andTomsic, 2014) to disentangle any features that may be related to their visual ecology and retinal layout. Due to the different orientation in eye positioning (with the crab eye in an upright position and the stomatopod eye pointing forward) the axis have been shifted 90° (refer to Sztarker et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Colour vision in mantis shrimps: understanding one of the most complex visual systems in the world

Thoen¹

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Stomatopods (commonly known as mantis shrimps) have one of the most complex visual systems in the animal kingdom with up to 20 different photoreceptor types and the ability to see both linear and circular polarized light. The eye of a stomatopod is divided into three different parts; a dorsal and a ventral hemisphere divided up by 6 distinct rows of specialised ommatidia (visual units) termed the midband. The midband contains a complex array of up to 12 spectral receptors with maximum sensitivities ranging from the ultraviolet (UV) to the far-red (300-700 nm), in addition to achromatic receptors of which several are sensitive to different forms of polarized light. The abundance of spectral receptors has puzzled researchers, as it seemed excessive even for an animal living in a spectrally rich environment such as the coral reef. Furthermore, theoretical analyses suggest that there is really no need to have more than 4-7 receptors to have satisfactory colour vision in the 300-400 nm spectral range. Our increasing knowledge of polarization sensitivity is rapidly expanding the theme of photoreceptor proliferation with up to six channels of polarization information from a combination of midband and hemisphere receptors.The aim of this thesis was to investigate how stomatopods process and analyse chromatic and polarization information using a complementary approach of behavioural, electrophysiological and neuroanatomical techniques. A comparison of spectral sensitivities across species in the superfamily Gonodactyloidea was carried out in Chapter 2. This study showed that their spectral sensitivities remain very similar between species, with narrow, steeply shaped sensitivity curves spread evenly throughout the spectrum, suggesting there is a benefit of having uniform sampling of all wavelengths. Behavioural experiments were performed to test stomatopod spectral discrimination in Chapter 3, and this was found to be surprisingly poor, both compared to other animals and to theoretical modelling. To investigate if the poor discrimination was due to the spectral shape of the stimuli, more natural-shaped stimuli (with step-shaped spectra instead of the conventional peakshaped spectra) were tested in similar experiments (Chapter 4). However, these experiments yielded similar results to the ones obtained in Chapter 3. The electrophysiological and behavioural results suggest that the stomatopod visual system may use a simpler, serial processing system unlike the "conventional" opponency system known from other animals and may be the reason for why the spectral and polarization space must be covered by several channels.While such as system may appear exceptional, there are similarities between this system and they way primates process colour, only at different steps in the processing pathway (Chapter 5). Using an interval-decoding scheme coupled with the narrow, binned spectral sensitivities of stomatopods could allow quick and precise colour judgements but at the cost of very fine discrimination. 3As very little wa...

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Section: Termination Patternsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Termination Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Termination Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Colour vision in mantis shrimps: understanding one of the most complex visual systems in the world

Thoen¹

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A crustacean lobula plate: Morphology, connections, and retinotopic organization

Bengochea

Astrada

Tomsic

et al. 2017

J of Comparative Neurology

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The lobula plate is part of the lobula complex, the third optic neuropil, in the optic lobes of insects.It has been extensively studied in dipterous insects, where its role in processing flow-field motion information used for controlling optomotor responses was discovered early. Recently, a lobula plate was also found in malacostracan crustaceans. Here, we provide the first detailed description of the neuroarchitecture, the input and output connections and the retinotopic organization of the lobula plate in a crustacean, the crab Neohelice granulata using a variety of histological methods that include silver reduced staining and mass staining with dextran-conjugated dyes. The lobula plate of this crab is a small elongated neuropil. It receives separated retinotopic inputs from columnar neurons of the medulla and the lobula. In the anteroposterior plane, the neuropil possesses four layers defined by the arborizations of such columnar inputs. Medulla projecting neurons arborize mainly in two of these layers, one on each side, while input neurons arriving from the lobula branch only in one. The neuropil contains at least two classes of tangential elements, one connecting with the lateral protocerebrum and the other that exits the optic lobes toward the supraesophageal ganglion. The number of layers in the crabs lobula plate, the retinotopic connections received from the medulla and from the lobula, and the presence of large tangential neurons exiting the neuropil, reflect the general structure of the insect lobula plate and, hence, provide support to the notion of an evolutionary conserved function for this neuropil. K E Y W O R D Sarthropod, flow-field analysis, lobula plate, mass staining

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Unraveling the functional organization of lobula complex in the mantis brain by identification of visual interneurons

Yamawaki

2019

J of Comparative Neurology

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The praying mantis shows broad repertories of visually guided behaviors such as prey recognition and defense against collision. It is likely that neurons in the lobula complex (LOX), the third visual neuropil in the optic lobe, play significant roles in these behaviors. The LOX in the mantis brain consists of five neuropils: outer lobes 1 and 2 (OLO1 and OLO2); anterior lobe (ALO); dorsal lobe (DLO); and stalk lobe (SLO), and ALO comprise ventral and dorsal subunits, ALO‐V and ALO‐D. To understand the functional organization of LOX, intracellular electrodes were used for recording from and staining neurons in these neuropils of the mantis (Tenodera aridifolia). The neurons belonged to three categories based on their response properties and morphologies. First, tangential ALO‐V neurons projecting to ventromedial neuropils (VMNP) (TAproM1 and 2), tangential DLO (or ALO‐D) neurons projecting to VMNP (TDproM1 and 2), and tangential ALO‐V centrifugal neurons (TAcen) all showed directional sensitivity and sustained excitation to gratings drifting in preferred direction (outward–downward, inward–upward, outward–upward, inward–downward, and inward, respectively). Second, tangential OLO neurons projecting to VMNP or ventrolateral neuropils (VLNP) (TOproM or TOproL), columnar OLO commissural neurons (COcom), and SLO commissural neurons (Scom) all showed strong excitation to 2°–8° moving squares but little excitations to drifting gratings. COcom and SLO neurons ramified in both left and right LOX. Last, the class of tangential ALO‐V neurons projecting to VLNP (TAproL1, 2, and 3) responded best to looming circles and showed little excitation to receding, darkening, and lightening circles.

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Neural organization of the second optic neuropil, the medulla, in the highly visual semiterrestrial crab Neohelice granulata

Cited by 11 publications

References 44 publications

Colour vision in mantis shrimps: understanding one of the most complex visual systems in the world

Colour vision in mantis shrimps: understanding one of the most complex visual systems in the world

A crustacean lobula plate: Morphology, connections, and retinotopic organization

Unraveling the functional organization of lobula complex in the mantis brain by identification of visual interneurons

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