Neural Networks and Artificial Intelligence for Biomedical Engineering

Clinical Decision Support System for Optimal Vad Weaning

“…ANN are designed to function like the human nervous system and, similarly, their basic units are called neurons [67,86]. As shown in Figure 6, the neurons are organized into three layers: input layer (stimulus), hidden layer (processing of stimulus), and output layer (final response to stimulus).…”

“…Interviewing is considered the classic method for acquiring knowledge from experts [67,86,87]. However, if performed in the traditional free form, interviews can be inefficient; as experts are normally busy individuals, maintaining efficiency in the knowledge acquisition process is a must for both parties.…”

“…However, the prediction accuracy of ANN is generally high and as such, they have gained widespread acceptance as a powerful data mining technique [67,90,91].…”

“…Some of the earliest clinical decision support systems were built using BBN; recent examples include the application of BNN for providing diagnoses in liver and cardiovascular disease, in the evaluation of electroencephalograms in the intensive care unit, and in establishing prognosis for patients with head injuries [61,67,96].…”

“…These systems have been designed for use in various specialties of medicine including oncology, anesthesiology, cardiology, gynecology, and gastroenterology; from aiding clinicians in the decisions associated with anemia to those associated with ventilator control, applications are widespread [57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72]. Although a majority of CDSS are used for patient diagnosis, a number are also used in planning medication and therapy, and in routine patient evaluation [73].…”