Neural Network Models as Explanatory Frameworks of Psychopathology and Its Treatment

Tryon, Warren W.; Hoffman, Jonathan; McKay, Dean

doi:10.1002/9781118877142.ch29

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Basically, it means that we identify the cause of that thing in terms of relevant mechanisms” [ 15 ] (p. 3, emphasis added). Psychologists claim to have mechanism information, but as Tryon [ 16 ] and Tryon, Hoffman, and McKay [ 17 ] explain, these claims are mainly false and illusory. For example, the very popular biopsychosocial model is just a list of relevant factors; it explains nothing more about psychology and behavior than a glass–metal–petroleum model would explain about how automobiles work.…”

Section: A Critical Evaluation Of the Efpa Test Review Guidelinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The EFPA Test-Review Model: When Good Intentions Meet a Methodological Thought Disorder

Barrett¹

2017

Behavioral Sciences

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The European Federation of Psychologists’ Associations (EFPA) has issued sets of test standards and guidelines for psychometric test reviews without any attempt to address the critical content of many substantive publications by measurement experts such as Joel Michell. For example, he has argued that the psychometric test-theory which underpins classical and modern IRT psychometrics is “pathological”, with the entire profession of psychometricians suffering from a methodological thought disorder. With the advent of new kinds of assessment now being created by the “Next Generation” of psychologists which no longer conform to the item-based, statistical test theory generated last century, a new framework is set out for constructing evidence-bases suitable for these “Next Generation” of assessments, which avoids the illusory beliefs of equal-interval or quantitatively structured psychological attributes. Finally, with no systematic or substantive refutations of the logic, axioms, and evidence set out by Michell and others; it is concluded psychologists and their professional associations remain in denial. As with the eventual demise of a similar attempt to maintain the status quo of professional beliefs within forensic clinical psychology and psychiatry during the last century, those following certain EFPA guidelines might now find themselves required to justify their professional beliefs in legal rather than academic environments.

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Section: A Critical Evaluation Of the Efpa Test Review Guidelinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The EFPA Test-Review Model: When Good Intentions Meet a Methodological Thought Disorder

Barrett¹

2017

Behavioral Sciences

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“…Artificial neural networks (ANN) have been successful used across levels, from psychological to genetic to help understand psychopathological and behavioural phenomena [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ] and potentially provides an even richer methodology for studying the relations between neurocognitive abilities and psychopathology. For example, in a standard 3-layer feed-forward network, for which a problem may be specified and for which the desired outcome is known, input units are provided with a representation of the problem and the output of each unit is fed forward to all units it is connected to within a hidden layer (comprised of a number of processing units).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurocognitive Artificial Neural Network Models Are Superior to Linear Models at Accounting for Dimensional Psychopathology

et al. 2022

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In recent years, there has been debate about the optimal conceptualisation of psychopathology. Structural models of psychopathology have been developed to counter issues, including comorbidity and poor diagnostic stability prevalent within the traditional nosological approach. Regardless of the conceptualisation of psychological dysfunction, deficits in neurocognitive abilities have been claimed to be an aetiological feature of psychopathology. Explorations of the association between neurocognition and psychopathology have typically taken a linear approach, overlooking the potential interactive dynamics of neurocognitive abilities. Previously, we proposed a multidimensional hypothesis, where within-person interactions between neurocognitive domains are fundamental to understanding the role of neurocognition within psychopathology. In this study, we used previously collected psychopathology data for 400 participants on psychopathological symptoms, substance use, and performance on eight neurocognitive tasks and compared the predictive accuracy of linear models to artificial neural network models. The artificial neural network models were significantly more accurate than the traditional linear models at predicting actual (a) lower-level and (b) high-level dimensional psychopathology. These results provide support for the multidimensional hypothesis: that the study of non-linear interactions and compensatory neurocognitive profiles are integral to understanding the functional associations between neurocognition and of psychopathology.

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“…Basically, it means that we identify the cause of that thing in terms of relevant mechanisms ” (p. 3, emphasis added). Psychologists claim to have mechanism information, but as Tryon (2014) and Tryon, Hoffman, and McKay (2016) explain, these claims are mainly false and illusory. For example, the very popular biopsychosocial model is just a list of relevant factors; it explains nothing more about psychology and behavior than a glass–metal–petroleum model would explain about how automobiles work.…”

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confidence: 99%

Underreliance on mechanistic models: Comment on Ferguson (2015).

Tryon

2016

American Psychologist

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Ferguson (see record 2015-39598-004) proposed that our overreliance on mechanistic models is responsible for the public’s negative view of psychology. On the contrary, I claim that our explanations do not actually explain because they lack mechanism information and that is why the public has a negative view of psychology. Some of the mechanism information required to move from interpretations to explanations can be found in parallel distributed processing connectionist neural network models of psychology and behavior.

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Neural Network Models as Explanatory Frameworks of Psychopathology and Its Treatment

Cited by 3 publications

References 93 publications

The EFPA Test-Review Model: When Good Intentions Meet a Methodological Thought Disorder

The EFPA Test-Review Model: When Good Intentions Meet a Methodological Thought Disorder

Neurocognitive Artificial Neural Network Models Are Superior to Linear Models at Accounting for Dimensional Psychopathology

Underreliance on mechanistic models: Comment on Ferguson (2015).

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