Neural network interactions and ingestive behavior control during anorexia

Watts, Alan G.; Salter, Dawna; Neuner, Christina M.

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.04.010

Cited by 19 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(51 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Deep brain stimulation of the mammillary bodies and the mammillothalamic tract are currently being investigated as potential treatments for seizure control (van Rijckevorsel et al, 2005;Khan et al, 2009). The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus is a complex motor relay, integrating essential endocrine and autonomic responses that sustain homeostasis (Thompson and Swanson, 2003;Watts et al, 2007). Neuroanatomical studies have reported alterations in the cytoarchitecture of this nucleus in patients with homeostatic control deficits, such as Prader-Willi syndrome, diabetes insipidus, depression and AIDS (Swaab et al, 1993;Swaab, 1995;Overeem et al, 2002;Swaab, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MRI atlas of the human hypothalamus

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Gaining new insights into the anatomy of the human hypothalamus is crucial for the development of new treatment strategies involving functional stereotactic neurosurgery. Here, using anatomical comparisons between histology and magnetic resonance images of the human hypothalamus in the coronal plane, we show that discrete gray and white hypothalamic structures are consistently identifiable by MRI. Macroscopic and microscopic images were used to precisely annotate the MRI sequences realized in the coronal plane in twenty healthy volunteers. MRI was performed on a 1.5T scanner, using a protocol including T1-weighted 3D fast field echo, T1-weighted inversionrecovery, turbo spin echo and T2-weighted 2D fast field echo imaging. For each gray matter structure as well as for white matter bundles, the different MRI sequences were analyzed in comparison to each other. The anterior commissure and the fornix were often identifiable, while the mammillothalamic tract was more difficult to spot. Qualitative analyses showed that MRI could also highlight finer structures such as the paraventricular nucleus, the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus and the infundibular (arcuate) nucleus, brain nuclei that play key roles in the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis. The posterior hypothalamic area, a target for deep brain stimulation in the treatment of cluster headaches, was readily identified, as was the lateral hypothalamic area, which similar to the aforementioned hypothalamic nuclei, could be a putative target for deep brain stimulation in the treatment of obesity. Finally, each of the identified structures was mapped to Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) space. Please find enclosed the revised version of our manuscript "MRI atlas of the human hypothalamus" which we have modified according to the minor comment made by the reviewer#3.We appreciated the careful and incisive evaluation of our data made by the reviewers throughout the reviewing process. We hope that the manuscript is now in suitable form for publication in Neuroimage.  New insights into the anatomy of the human hypothalamus  Specific 1.5T MRI sequences approach histological resolution within the hypothalamus  White matter bundles within the hypothalamus can be identified using 1.5T MRI  Hypothalamic gray structures can be identified using 1.5T MRI *4. HighlightsWe have revised our manuscript to address the minor point raised by reviewer 3.In the "Data analysis" paragraph of the materials and methods section it now reads: "Structures were identified visually based on our knowledge of specific landmarks obtained from anatomical-histological cross sections and with reference to previously published atlases (Swaab et al., 1993;Koutcherov et al., 2000Koutcherov et al., , 2004Koutcherov et al., 2007;Mai et al., 2008); the landmarks used, such as the optic tract, the floor of the diencephalon, the third ventricle, and the fornix, were readily and reliably identifiable in MR scans." AbstractGaining new insights into the anatomy of the hu...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MRI atlas of the human hypothalamus

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In particular, the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) contains neurons that comprise the "behavior controller" for feeding. The integrated output from the feeding behavior controller then regulates the downstream motor network that ultimately controls motor neurons in the hindbrain and spinal cord responsible for executing feeding behavior (39,41,54). This model further posits that different types of feeding use distinct sets of afferents from other parts of the hypothalamus (particularly the ARH), the telencephalon, and hindbrain to engage motivated feeding behavior controllers in the PVH and possibly the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) (54).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The integrated output from the feeding behavior controller then regulates the downstream motor network that ultimately controls motor neurons in the hindbrain and spinal cord responsible for executing feeding behavior (39,41,54). This model further posits that different types of feeding use distinct sets of afferents from other parts of the hypothalamus (particularly the ARH), the telencephalon, and hindbrain to engage motivated feeding behavior controllers in the PVH and possibly the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) (54). For example, 2-DG-stimulated feeding requires ascending catecholaminergic afferents from the hindbrain but not neurons in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) (3,24,26), whereas the feeding effects of interocerebroventricular (icv) injections of leptin and ghrelin are severely compromised by lesions of MBH neurons (3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of hypothalamic ingestive behavior controllers in generating dehydration anorexia: a Fos mapping study

Salter‐Venzon¹,

Watts²

2008

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Salter-Venzon D, Watts AG. The role of hypothalamic ingestive behavior controllers in generating dehydration anorexia: a Fos mapping study. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 295: R1009 -R1019, 2008. First published July 30, 2008 doi:10.1152/ajpregu.90425.2008.-Giving rats 2.5% saline to drink for 3-5 days simply and reliably generates anorexia. Despite having the neurochemical and hormonal markers of negative energy balance, dehydrated anorexic rats show a marked suppression of spontaneous food intake, as well as the feeding that is usually stimulated by overnight starvation or a 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) challenge. These observations are consistent with a dehydration-dependent inhibition of the core circuitry that controls feeding. We hypothesize that this inhibition is directed at those neurons in the paraventricular nucleus and lateral hypothalamic area that constitute the hypothalamic "behavior controller" for feeding rather than their afferent inputs from the arcuate nucleus or hindbrain that convey critical feeding-related sensory information. To test this hypothesis, we mapped and quantified the Fos-immunoreactive response to 2DG in control and dehydrated rats drinking 2.5% saline. Our rationale was that regions showing an attenuated Fos response to 2DG in dehydrated animals would be strong candidates as the targets of dehydration-induced suppression of 2DG feeding. We found that the Fos response to combined dehydration and 2DG was attenuated only in the lateral hypothalamic area, with dehydration alone increasing Fos in the lateral part of the paraventricular nucleus. In the arcuate nucleus and those regions of the hindbrain that provide afferent inputs critical for the feeding response to 2DG, the Fos response to 2DG was unaffected by dehydration. Therefore, dehydration appears to target the lateral hypothalamic area and possibly the lateral part of the paraventricular nucleus to suppress the feeding response to 2DG. feeding behavior; inhibition; 2-deoxyglucose; arcuate nucleus; hindbrain; parabrachial nucleus; area postrema; nucleus of the solitary tract ANOREXIA IS A LOSS OF APPETITE in the presence of adequate food sources and can be physiologically or pathologically generated (49). We have previously shown that animals develop anorexia after drinking hypertonic saline and becoming dehydrated (DE). These animals provide a useful model for investigating the underlying neural mechanisms of anorexia (47-49, 54).DE-anorexic rats limit their spontaneous circadian-driven food intake despite the presence of endocrine and neuropeptidergic profiles of negative energy balance (55). In fact, DE animals share a virtually identical profile of caloric deficit markers with animals that are food restricted to match the intake of their anorexic counterparts (55). This profile includes body weight loss, undetectable levels of circulating leptin and insulin, increased plasma glucocorticoid concentrations, and elevated neuropeptide Y (NPY) gene expression in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH). While these...

show abstract

“…It has been previously described that c-fos expression is not activated in LHA orexinergic cells in DIA paradigm (Watts et al, 2007). Furthermore, non-responding orexinergic neurons have been observed in animals where an anorexic behavior is induced by a LPS injection (Becskei et al, 2008).…”

Section: Tshmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Analysis of the expression of feeding-regulating peptides in the ARC of males after 5 days has shown a decreased synthesis of POMC and increased NPY mRNA levels (Watts et al, 1999), which have anorexigenic and orexigenic effects, respectively. All those changes are signals that should be increasing appetite and food ingestion in animals, however feeding is suppressed in dehydrated rats, which suggests that inhibitory control networks, other than those of the ARC, are activated (Watts, 2001(Watts, , 2007.…”

Section: Dehydration-induced Anorexiamentioning

confidence: 99%