Neural interactions mediating the detection of motion in the retina of the tiger salamander

Werblin, Frank S.; Maguire, Greg; Lukasiewicz, Peter D.; Eliasof, Scott; Wu, Samuel M.

doi:10.1017/s0952523800001978

Cited by 86 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(64 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Excitatory inputs are conjined to a region near the cell body Glutamate receptors appear to be confined to a region within 200 pm ofthe soma (Werblin et al, 1988;Maguire et al, 1989). Glutamate never elicited activity in processes over regions extending from 200 pm to 350 Km, the limits of the field of view of the microscope.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wide field transient amacrine cells are thought to receive excitatory synaptic input via glutamate at processes only within 200 wrn of the soma as shown in Figures 7 and 8 (Werblin et al, 1988;Maguire et al, 1989). Membrane depolarization then leads to the initiation of a spike at the stalk region between the soma and the radial processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These transient spike-like events, initiated in wide field amacrine cells, are also observable postsynaptically (Werblin, 1973(Werblin, , 1977. Ganglion cells receive TTX-and strychnine-sensitive, transient inhibition that is carried more than 500 pm radially (Werblin and Copenhagen, 1974;Wunk and Werblin, 1979;Miller et al, 198 1;Belgum et al, 1984;Barnes and Werblin, 1986;Maguire et al, 1987;Werblin et al, 1988;Lukasiewicz and Werblin, 1989). However, it is not known whether the spikes generated by wide field amacrine cells are actively propagated or whether they simply spread electrotonically along the processes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Spike initiation and propagation in wide field transient amacrine cells of the salamander retina

Cook

Werblin

1994

J. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Our results suggest that the prominent spike, commonly recorded in wide field amacrine cells, is actively propagated along its processes. Current was passed through a patch pipette at the soma to elicit spike activity in the cell. The field potentials accompanying this spike activity were then measured with an extracellular electrode positioned at different sites along the cell and its processes, which had been made visible with Lucifer yellow. Different extracellular waveforms were measured at the soma, stalk, and cell processes: A monophasic negative-going extracellular voltage waveform, typically found at the site of action potential initiation, was recorded along the stalk between the soma and the radial processes. A biphasic, positive- negative waveform, typically associated with the truncated propagation of an action potential, was measured at the soma. A triphasic, positive- negative-positive extracellular waveform, typically associated with a fully propagated action potential, was recorded along the peripheral processes. The time to peak of this triphasic waveform increased with distance from the soma such that the calculated propagation velocity ranged from 0.5 to 2.5 cm/sec. The membrane regions carrying potassium, sodium, and calcium currents were examined by depolarizing the soma and eliminating different ionic currents in the cell. With only sodium present, extracellular potentials were measured at the stalk and processes, but rarely at the soma. When only potassium was present, extracellular potentials were measured at the soma and processes, but not the stalk. When only calcium channels carried the membrane current, extracellular potentials were measured only at the processes. The sites of different ligand-gated receptors were identified by puffing various transmitter substances at different positions radially along the processes and measuring their effects at the soma. In all cells tested, glutamate puffs elicited currents only when applied at processes within 200 microns of the soma. In some cells, GABA and glycine elicited currents up to 300 microns from the soma. As a control for the measurement of electrotonic spread, potassium puffs elicited depolarizations along a broader region of the processes. These results suggest that the excitatory glutamate-elicited synaptic input to these cells is confined to a narrow area of the processes near the soma. The spike then appears to be initiated at the stalk and propagated along the processes. Calcium currents at these processes suggest the presence of possible transmitter release sites. Thus, each wide field amacrine cell seems to be functionally and concentrically polarized, receiving input centrally near the soma and broadcasting its output by propagating spikes along its extensive processes.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Spike initiation and propagation in wide field transient amacrine cells of the salamander retina

Cook

Werblin

1994

J. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Horizontal cell activity in the outer plexiform layer (OPL) was thought to mediate the inhibitory surround of bipolar cells (Kaneko 1970;Werblin and Dowling 1969), which in turn gave rise surround inhibition of ganglion cells (Naka and Witkovsky 1972;Werblin and Dowling 1969). Inhibition in the inner plexiform layer (IPL), on the other hand, was thought to underlie more complex elements of visual processing, such as motion detection and directional sensitivity (Caldwell et al 1978;Werblin et al 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spike-Dependent GABA Inputs to Bipolar Cell Axon Terminals Contribute to Lateral Inhibition of Retinal Ganglion Cells

Shields

Lukasiewicz

2003

Journal of Neurophysiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The inhibitory surround signal in retinal ganglion cells is usually attributed to lateral horizontal cell signaling in the outer plexiform layer (OPL). However, recent evidence suggests that lateral inhibition at the inner plexiform layer (IPL) also contributes to the ganglion cell receptive field surround. Although amacrine cell input to ganglion cells mediates a component of this lateral inhibition, it is not known if presynaptic inhibition to bipolar cell terminals also contributes to surround signaling. We investigated the role of presynaptic inhibition by recording from bipolar cells in the salamander retinal slice. TTX reduced light-evoked GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) in bipolar cells, indicating that presynaptic pathways mediate lateral inhibition in the IPL. Photoreceptor and bipolar cell synaptic transmission were unaffected by TTX, indicating that its main effect was in the IPL. To rule out indirect actions of TTX, we bypassed lateral signaling in the outer retina by either electrically stimulating bipolar cells or by puffing kainate (KA) directly onto amacrine cell processes lateral to the recorded cell. In bipolar and ganglion cells, TTX suppressed laterally evoked IPSCs, demonstrating that both pre- and postsynaptic lateral signaling in the IPL depended on action potentials. By contrast, locally evoked IPSCs in both cell types were only weakly suppressed by TTX, indicating that local inhibition was not as dependent on action potentials. Our results show a TTX-sensitive lateral inhibitory input to bipolar cell terminals, which acts in concert with direct lateral inhibition to give rise to the GABAergic surround in ganglion cells.

show abstract

“…This synapse is strategically located to modulate release of transmitter from bipolar cells. Some of the synaptic components of this pathway have been suggested (3,4), but the intracellular events linking this synapse to modulation of transmitter release from the bipolarcell terminal have not yet been determined. In the retinal slice, we have tentatively identified some of the intracellular components of this pathway, and we show that they are associated with modulation of transmitter release from bipolar-cell axon terminals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gamma-aminobutyrate type B receptor modulation of L-type calcium channel current at bipolar cell terminals in the retina of the tiger salamander.

Maguire

Maple

Lukasiewicz

et al. 1989

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bipolar-cell axon terminals receive direct synaptic input from amacrine-cell processes, suggesting a possible pathway for modulation of transmitter release. In retinal slices, bath-applied baclofen, a y-aminobutyrate type B (GABAB) receptor agonist, reduced a patch-clamp-recorded L-type calcium channel current in a population of bipolar cells with axon terminals that ramify along the midline of the inner plexiform layer. Lucifer yellow staining revealed that this current was found only in bipolar cells that retain axon terminals and their associated telodendria, suggesting that the current is generated at the terminal and also possibly modulated there. T-type calcium currents were found in all bipolar cells, including those without axon terminals, but were not modulated by baclofen. The baclofen-induced !eduction of calcium current was enhanced by guanosine 5'-[y-thioltriphosphate and eliminated by guanosine 5'-[13-thioldiphosphate added to the cytoplasm by the patch recording electrode, suggesting that the GABAAB receptors act through a guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory protein (G protein). Baclofen also reduced an excitatory synaptic input to a population of amacrine cells with processes that ramify along the midline of the inner plexiform layer-cells probably postsynaptic to the bipolar terminals. This suggests that GABAB receptors modulate not only the calcium current but also transmitter release by a pathway involving G proteins and L-type calcium channels.

show abstract

Neural interactions mediating the detection of motion in the retina of the tiger salamander

Cited by 86 publications

References 50 publications

Spike initiation and propagation in wide field transient amacrine cells of the salamander retina

Spike initiation and propagation in wide field transient amacrine cells of the salamander retina

Spike-Dependent GABA Inputs to Bipolar Cell Axon Terminals Contribute to Lateral Inhibition of Retinal Ganglion Cells

Gamma-aminobutyrate type B receptor modulation of L-type calcium channel current at bipolar cell terminals in the retina of the tiger salamander.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About