Neural-inspired artificial synapses based on low-voltage operated organic electrochemical transistors

Abstract

Artificial synaptic devices that emulate the neural functionalities of the human brain have received research attention owing to their inherent ability to build brain-like computing systems with faster data-processing speeds...

Recent developments in the state-of-the-art optoelectronic synaptic devices based on 2D materials: a review

“…Replicating the functionalities of these elements is an important cornerstone to bring about a paradigm shift in neuromorphic computing. 9,63 The nervous system comprises two main types of neurons: presynaptic neurons and postsynaptic neurons, interconnected through specialized junctions known as synapses (as illustrated in Fig. 2a).…”

“…, have unique properties and applications. 19,63 High density, low power consumption, nonvolatility, and compatibility with CMOS technology are among the notable traits of memristors. However, there are difficulties with endurance and reliability, including scaling down the size of memristor devices to nanoscale dimensions.…”

Self-Powered Intelligent Tactile-Sensing System Based on Organic Electrochemical Transistors

“…When the gate bias is applied, the channel conductivity varies in accordance with the doping level of the active layer. By adjusting the channel conductivity, OECT can replicate fundamental synaptic behaviors, including short-term plasticity such as paired-pulse facilitation (PPF), adaptive plasticity, and long-term plasticity associated with learning and memory. − Among various photovoltaic cells, OSCs exhibit advantages in output management and flexibility due to their ability to easily modulate output voltage and current through modification and matching of photovoltaic materials. − This enables precise control of power supply output according to sensor requirements, thereby achieving high detection and monitoring capabilities without the need for resistors or other circuit elements. , Consequently, OSCs exhibit promising potential as viable options for self-powered devices.…”

Versatile Neuromorphic Modulation and Biosensing based on N‐type Small‐molecule Organic Mixed Ionic‐Electronic Conductors

“…Organic neuromorphic electronics inspired by human brain to imitate the learning and memory functions of the central nervous system, hold unprecedentedly promising applications in brain-machine interaction, neuroscience, and artificial intelligence, due to versatile advantages over traditional silicon-based electronics in massive parallelism, [1] low operating voltage and energy consumption, [2] mechanical compliance, [3] biocompatibility, [4] and responsivity to chemical signals. [5] Artificial synapse as the functional connection between neurons to transmit neurotransmitter signals is the cornerstone to construct brain-like artificial networks (Figure 1a), where the ability to incorporate ion modulation is essential to mimic various synaptic behavior.…”

“…The fundamental challenge of n‐type OMIECs implementation is the instability of electronic charges in air under ambient conditions [13a] . Deep lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels below −4 eV are necessitated to avoid side reactions and realize a sufficient number of electrons [2] . Thereby, the design and synthesis of n‐type OMIECs for OENS with low LUMO levels to achieve versatile neuromorphic modulating with excellent ambient stability remains extremely challenging.…”