Neural Induction by the Secreted Polypeptide Noggin

Lamb, Teresa M.; Knecht, Anne K.; Smith, William C.; Stachel, Scott E.; Economides, Aris N.; Stahl, Neil; Yancopolous, George D.; Harland, Richard M.

doi:10.1126/science.8235591

Cited by 741 publications

(449 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…To help clarify how FGF signaling affects organizer formation, we analyzed expression of the organizer genes goosecoid (gsc), chordin, xnr3, and noggin (Cho et al, 1991;Smith and Harland, 1992;Sasai et al, 1995;Smith et al, 1995) as well as otx2 and otx5 (Lamb et al, 1993;Vignali et al, 2000), which are expressed in the dorsal mesendoderm prior to expression in the anterior neural plate. Embryos were analyzed at the early gastrula stage.…”

Section: Fgf Signaling Is Essential For Establishment Of Paraxial Mesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anti-sense RNA probes were made for the following transcripts: xbra (Smith et al, 1991); myoD (Hopwood et al, 1989); sox2 (Grammer et al, 2000); otx2 (Lamb et al, 1993); otx5 (Vignali et al, 2000); hoxB9 (Sharpe et al, 1987); gsc (Cho et al, 1991); myf5 (Hopwood et al, 1991); noggin (Smith and Harland, 1992); chordin (Sasai et al, 1995); xnr3 ; sox17 (Hudson et al, 1997); eomes (Ryan et al, 1996); VegT (Stennard et al, 1996); edd (Sasai et al, 1996); FGF4 (Isaacs et al, 1992); FGF8 (Fletcher et al, 2006).…”

Section: Whole Mount Rna In Situ Hybridizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of FGF signaling in the establishment and maintenance of mesodermal gene expression in Xenopus

Fletcher

Harland

2008

Developmental Dynamics

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FGF signaling is important for the formation of mesoderm in vertebrates, and when it is perturbed in Xenopus, most trunk and tail mesoderm fails to form. Here we have further dissected the activities of FGF in patterning the embryo by addressing its inductive and maintenance roles. We show that FGF signaling is necessary for the establishment of xbra expression in addition to its well-characterized role in maintaining xbra expression. The role of FGF signaling in organizer formation is not clear in Xenopus. We find that FGF signaling is essential for the initial specification of paraxial mesoderm but not for activation of several pan-mesodermal and most organizer genes; however, early FGF signaling is necessary for the maintenance of organizer gene expression into the neurula stage. Inhibition of FGF signaling prevents VegT activation of specific mesodermal transcripts. These findings illuminate how FGF signaling contributes to the establishment of distinct types of mesoderm.

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Section: Fgf Signaling Is Essential For Establishment Of Paraxial Mesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Whole Mount Rna In Situ Hybridizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of FGF signaling in the establishment and maintenance of mesodermal gene expression in Xenopus

Fletcher

Harland

2008

Developmental Dynamics

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“…Exogenous treatment of animal cap explants with FGF and activin can e ectively mimic the action of mesoderm induction (Smith and Harland, 1991). Neural inducing activity has been observed in animal caps treated with noggin or follistatin (Lamb et al, 1993;Hemmati-Brivanlou and Melton, 1994;Smith and Harland, 1992).…”

Section: Regulation Of Xlerk During Mesoderm Induction By Activin Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of XLerk, an Eph family ligand regulated during mesoderm induction and neurogenesis in Xenopus laevis

et al. 1997

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“…The XlFgf8a cDNA was obtained by PCR with the following primers: forward 5Ј-AGAATTC-CCACCATGAACTACATCACCTCC; reverse 5Ј-ACTCGAGTTACCGA-GAACTTGAATATC. The VP16-Xanf1-BDG, EnR-Xanf1-BDGR, Otx2, Otx2-BDGR and Noggin constructs have been described previously (Ermakova et al, 1999;Martynova et al, 2004;Lamb et al, 1993). Capped mRNAs for microinjections were synthesized by mMESSAGE mMACHINE kit (Ambion).…”

Section: Preparation Of Dna Constructs Synthesis and Injections Of Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ras-dva, a member of novel family of small GTPases, is required for the anterior ectoderm patterning in theXenopus laevisembryo

2006

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Ras-like small GTPases are involved in the regulation of many processes essential for the specification of the vertebrate body plan. Recently, we identified the gene of novel small GTPase Ras-dva, which is specifically expressed at the anterior margin of the neural plate of the Xenopus laevis embryo. Now, we demonstrate that Ras-dva and its homologs in other species constitute a novel protein family, distinct from the previously known families of small GTPases. We show that the expression of Ras-dvabegins during gastrulation throughout the anterior ectoderm and is activated by the homeodomain transcription factor Otx2; however, later on, Ras-dva expression is inhibited in the anterior neural plate by another homeodomain factor Xanf1. Downregulation of Ras-dva functioning by the dominant-negative mutant or by the antisense morpholino oligonucleotides results in severe malformations of the forebrain and derivatives of the cranial placodes. Importantly, although the observed abnormalities can be rescued by co-injection of the Ras-dva mRNA, they cannot be rescued by the mRNA of the closest Ras-dva homolog from another family of small GTPases, Ras. This fact indicates functional specificity of the Ras-dva signaling pathway. At the molecular level, downregulation of Ras-dva inhibits the expression of several regulators of the anterior neural plate and folds patterning, such as Otx2, BF-1 (also known as Foxg1), Xag2, Pax6, Slug and Sox9, and interferes with FGF8 signaling within the anterior ectoderm. By contrast, expression of the epidermal regulator BMP4 and its target genes, Vent1, Vent2band Msx1, is upregulated. Together, the data obtained indicate that Ras-dva is an essential component of the signaling network that patterns the early anterior neural plate and the adjacent ectoderm in the Xenopus laevis embryos.

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Neural Induction by the Secreted Polypeptide Noggin

Cited by 741 publications

References 52 publications

The role of FGF signaling in the establishment and maintenance of mesodermal gene expression in Xenopus

The role of FGF signaling in the establishment and maintenance of mesodermal gene expression in Xenopus

Identification of XLerk, an Eph family ligand regulated during mesoderm induction and neurogenesis in Xenopus laevis

Ras-dva, a member of novel family of small GTPases, is required for the anterior ectoderm patterning in theXenopus laevisembryo

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