Neural functions of the transforming growth factors β

Krieglstein, Kerstin; Rufer, M.; Suter‐Crazzolara, Clemens; Unsicker, Klaus

doi:10.1016/0736-5748(94)00062-8

Cited by 93 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 120 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Thus, the synergic effect of CSF-1 and TGF-␤ cytokines could contribute to the macrophage reaction, which has been demonstrated in both experimental lesions and a variety of human pathologies, including acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and neurodegenerative diseases McGeer et al, 1993;Perry et al, 1994). Noteworthy, different types of CNS injuries are associated with an induction of TGF-␤1 synthesis localized to reactive astroglial cells and macrophages (Krieglstein et al, 1995a). Although the neuronal expression of TGF-␤1 transcripts has also been observed as a consequence of ischemia or cranial nerve transection (Lefebvre et al, 1992;Knuckey et al, 1996), modulation of other neuronal TGF-␤ isoforms remains little studied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These peptides modulate both functional properties and growth of mesenchymal and neuroepithelial cells (for review, see Sporn and Roberts, 1992;Massagué et al, 1994;Krieglstein et al, 1995a). Focusing on neurons of the cerebral cortex, TGF-␤2 produced by these cells seems to be the primary, if not the unique, molecular effector of macrophage proliferation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The production of TGF-␤ isoforms in the developing CNS has been investigated in vivo (for review, see Krieglstein et al, 1995a). Except for the mouse cerebellum, in which expression of TGF-␤2 mRNA was studied during postnatal periods of development (Constam et al, 1994), the expression of TGF-␤ genes in the developing mammalian C NS has been studied mostly during prenatal stages (Gatherer et al, 1990;Flanders et al, 1991;Millan et al, 1991;Pelton et al, 1991;Schmid et al, 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurons Promote Macrophage Proliferation by Producing Transforming Growth Factor-β2

et al. 1997

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The infiltration of bone marrow-derived macrophages into the CNS contributes to growth and reactions of microglia during development or after brain injury. The proliferation of microglial cells is stimulated by colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1), an astrocyte-produced growth factor that acts on mononuclear phagocytes. In the present study, we have shown, using an in vitro model system, that rodent neurons obtained from the developing cerebral cortex produce a soluble factor that strongly enhances the proliferation of macrophages cultured in the presence of CSF-1. Both macrophages isolated from the developing brain and those from the adult bone marrow were stimulated. Kinetic analyses of [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation into macrophages indicated that their response to the neuronderived factor involved a shortening of the cycle of proliferating cells. The effect of neurons on macrophages was blocked in the presence of antibodies neutralizing transforming growth factor-␤2 (TGF-␤2), whereas recombinant TGF-␤2 stimulated macrophage proliferation in the presence of CSF-1. Neuronal secretion of TGF-␤2 was confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR detection of TGF-␤2 transcripts and immunodetection of the protein within neurons and in their culture medium. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical experiments showed neuronal expression of TGF-␤2 in sections of cerebral cortex obtained from 6-d-old rats, an age at which extensive developmental recruitment of macrophages occurs in this cerebral region. Altogether, our results provide direct evidence that neurons have the capacity to promote brain macrophage proliferation and demonstrate the role of TGF-␤2 in this neuronal function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurons Promote Macrophage Proliferation by Producing Transforming Growth Factor-β2

et al. 1997

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“…TGF-␤s regulate diverse cellular functions including cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, migration, and invasion (5). However, the effects of TGF-␤s are largely dependent on the type and the differentiation state of its target cells (6). TGF-␤s initiate downstream signaling pathways and exert their cellular processes by binding to transmembrane type I (T␤RI) 2 and type II (T␤RII) receptors (7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Inhibits Trophoblast Cell Invasion by Inducing Snail-mediated Down-regulation of Vascular Endothelial-cadherin Protein

Cheng

Chang

2013

Journal of Biological Chemistry

104

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Background: Transforming growth factor (TGF)-␤1 treatment decreases human trophoblast invasion. Results: Smad-dependent up-regulation of Snail mediates TGF-␤1-induced down-regulation of VE-cadherin. Conclusion: TGF-␤1 decreases human trophoblast invasion by down-regulating VE-cadherin. Significance: Our results provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms mediating TGF-␤1-induced down-regulation of VE-cadherin and decreased cell invasion in human trophoblast cells.

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“…TGF-βs are expressed in numerous tissues including the central nervous system (CNS), where neurons, astrocytes, and microglia are the cellular sources (22).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The physiological and behavioral effects of subchronic intracisternal administration of TGF-β in rats: comparison with the effects of CRF

et al. 2006

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Neural functions of the transforming growth factors β

Cited by 93 publications

References 120 publications

Neurons Promote Macrophage Proliferation by Producing Transforming Growth Factor-β2

Neurons Promote Macrophage Proliferation by Producing Transforming Growth Factor-β2

Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Inhibits Trophoblast Cell Invasion by Inducing Snail-mediated Down-regulation of Vascular Endothelial-cadherin Protein

The physiological and behavioral effects of subchronic intracisternal administration of TGF-β in rats: comparison with the effects of CRF

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