Neural foundations of imagery

Kosslyn, Stephen M.; Ganis, Giorgio; Thompson, William L.

doi:10.1038/35090055

Cited by 1,420 publications

(978 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Kosslyn, Ganis, & Thompson, 2001;Pearson, Naselaris, Holmes, & Kosslyn, 2015) or what sometimes is referred to as simulations (e.g., Barsalou, 1999Barsalou, , 2008. In our view there is currently no evidence available that conclusively shows that imagery and simulations are distinct.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

A task-dependent causal role for low-level visual processes in spoken word comprehension.

Ostarek

Huettig

2017

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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It is well established that the comprehension of spoken words referring to object concepts relies on high-level visual areas in the ventral stream that build increasingly abstract representations. It is much less clear whether basic low-level visual representations are also involved. Here we asked in what task situations low-level visual representations contribute functionally to concrete word comprehension using an interference paradigm. We interfered with basic visual processing while participants performed a concreteness task (Experiment 1), a lexical-decision task (Experiment 2), and a word class judgment task (Experiment 3). We found that visual noise interfered more with concrete versus abstract word processing, but only when the task required visual information to be accessed. This suggests that basic visual processes can be causally involved in language comprehension, but that their recruitment is not automatic and rather depends on the type of information that is required in a given task situation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

A task-dependent causal role for low-level visual processes in spoken word comprehension.

Ostarek

Huettig

2017

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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“…This could give rise to concerns about the influence of demand characteristics. However, since previous studies did find the effects of pain‐focused imagery on pain and placebo analgesia to be associated with corresponding effects on the autonomic nervous system and with the activation of brain responses that are known to be involved in pain experiences and expectancies (Kosslyn et al., 2001; McNorgan, 2012; Atlas and Wager, 2014; Fardo et al., 2015; Schedlowski et al., 2015), it is likely that the autonomic nervous system was also involved in the effects of response imagery on pain in the current studies. The existing evidence for the involvement of the endocrine system is less convincing (Flaten et al., 2006; Schmid et al., 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Placebo‐like analgesia via response imagery

Peerdeman

Laarhoven

Bartels

et al. 2017

European Journal of Pain

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BackgroundPlacebo effects on pain are reliably observed in the literature. A core mechanism of these effects is response expectancies. Response expectancies can be formed by instructions, prior experiences and observation of others. Whether mental imagery of a response can also induce placebo‐like expectancy effects on pain has not yet been studied systematically.MethodsIn Study 1, 80 healthy participants were randomly allocated to (i) response imagery or (ii) control imagery. In Study 2, 135 healthy participants were randomly allocated to (i) response imagery with a verbal suggestion regarding its effectiveness, (ii) response imagery only, or (iii) no intervention. In both studies, expected and experienced pain during cold pressor tests were measured pre‐ and post‐intervention, along with psychological and physiological measures.ResultsParticipants rated pain as less intense after response imagery than after control imagery in Study 1 (p = 0.044, ηp2 = 0.054) and as less intense after response imagery (with or without verbal suggestion) than after no imagery in Study 2 (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.154). Adding a verbal suggestion did not affect pain (p = 0.068, ηp2 = 0.038). The effects of response imagery on experienced pain were mediated by expected pain.ConclusionsThus, in line with research on placebo effects, the current findings indicate that response imagery can induce analgesia, via its effects on response expectancies.SignificanceThe reported studies extend research on placebo effects by demonstrating that mental imagery of reduced pain can induce placebo‐like expectancy effects on pain.

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“…These regions have been involved in a number of studies in motor imagery (see reviews from Grèzes and Decety, 2001;Munzert et al, 2009). Several studies using neuroimaging (Kosslyn et al, 2001), transcranial magnetic stimulation (Ganis et al, 2000), or clinical investigations (Sirigu et al, 1996) showed that motor imagery shares neural mechanisms with movement planning (Decety et al, 1989) and movement execution (Gerardin et al, 2000;Parsons et al, 1995), in particular in premotor cortex (e.g. Ionta et al, 2010) and parietal cortex (e.g.…”

Section: Shared Spectral and Anatomical Mechanisms Between Motor Imagmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shared electrophysiology mechanisms of body ownership and motor imagery

Evans

Blanke

2013

NeuroImage

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Although we feel, see, and experience our hands as our own (body or hand ownership), recent research has shown that illusory hand ownership can be induced for fake or virtual hands and may be useful for neuroprosthetics and brain-computer interfaces. Despite the vast amount of behavioral data on illusory hand ownership, neuroimaging studies are rare, in particular electrophysiological studies. Thus, while the neural systems underlying hand ownership are relatively well described, the spectral signatures of body ownership as measured by electroencephalography (EEG) remain elusive. Here we induced illusory hand ownership in an automated, computer-controlled manner using virtual reality while recording 64-channel EEG and found that illusory hand ownership is reflected by a body-specific modulation in the mu-band over fronto-parietal cortex. In a second experiment in the same subjects, we then show that mu as well as beta-band activity in highly similar fronto-parietal regions was also modulated during a motor imagery task often used in paradigms employing non-invasive brain-computer interface technology. These data provide insights into the electrophysiological brain mechanisms of illusory hand ownership and their strongly overlapping mechanisms with motor imagery in fronto-parietal cortex. They also highlight the potential of combining high-resolution EEG with virtual reality setups and automatized stimulation protocols for systematic, reproducible stimulus presentation in cognitive neuroscience, and may inform the design of non-invasive brain-computer interfaces.

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Neural foundations of imagery

Cited by 1,420 publications

References 61 publications

A task-dependent causal role for low-level visual processes in spoken word comprehension.

A task-dependent causal role for low-level visual processes in spoken word comprehension.

Placebo‐like analgesia via response imagery

Shared electrophysiology mechanisms of body ownership and motor imagery

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