Neural correlates of reward-driven attentional capture in visual search

Qi, Senqing; Zeng, Qinghong; Ding, Cody; Li, Hong

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2013.07.044

Cited by 92 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Indeed, attentional search studies using electroencephalography have provided evidence for this claim by showing modulations in the early lateral selection component N2pc (e.g., Eimer 1996). The N2pc in these studies was significantly earlier and larger for high-than low-reward stimuli whether they were targets (Kiss et al 2009) or distractors (Hickey et al 2010;Qi et al 2013;). This finding was interpreted as evidence that reward affects visual search early in time by either mimicking or interacting with the effect of physical salience (cf.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Oculomotor capture by stimuli that signal the availability of reward

Failing

Nissens

Pearson

et al. 2015

Journal of Neurophysiology

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It is well known that eye movement patterns are influenced by both goal-and salience-driven factors. Recent studies, however, have demonstrated that objects that are nonsalient and task irrelevant can still capture our eyes if moving our eyes to those objects has previously produced reward. Here we demonstrate that training such an association between eye movements to an object and delivery of reward is not needed. Instead, an object that merely signals the availability of reward captures the eyes even when it is physically nonsalient and never relevant for the task. Furthermore, we show that oculomotor capture by reward is more reliably observed in saccades with short latencies. We conclude that a stimulus signaling high reward has the ability to capture the eyes independently of bottom-up physical salience or top-down task relevance and that the effect of reward affects early selection processes. reward; visual attention; oculomotor capture; eye movements

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Oculomotor capture by stimuli that signal the availability of reward

Failing

Nissens

Pearson

et al. 2015

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…Anderson et al (2015) found that the tail of the caudate nucleus and extratstriate cortex were activated when the stimulus previously associated with reward was presented. Qi et al (2013) found that the N2pc component was observed earlier in trials that contained the reward-associated distractor. However, in these studies the task-relevant stimulus feature was associated with reward and it is unclear whether the same process is involved when task-irrelevant features are associated with reward.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Previous research on attentional control indicated that dorsal frontal-parietal brain regions are related to goal-directed attention, and ventral temporal-parietal brain regions are involved in stimulus-directed attention (Corbetta & Shulman, 2002;Serences et al, 2005). Recent studies have examined the neural mechanisms underlying value-based attention using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and event-related potentials (ERPs) (Anderson, Laurent, & Yantis, 2015;Qi, Zeng, Ding, & Li, 2013). Anderson et al (2015) found that the tail of the caudate nucleus and extratstriate cortex were activated when the stimulus previously associated with reward was presented.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Task-irrelevant stimulus-reward association induces value-driven attentional capture

Mine

Saiki

2015

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Rewards affect the deployment of visual attention in various situations. Evidence suggests that the stimulus associated with reward involuntary captures attention (valuedriven attentional capture; VDAC). Recent studies report VDAC even when the reward-associated feature does not define the target (i.e., task-irrelevant). However, these studies did not conduct the test phase without reward, thus the effect may be qualitatively different from those in the previous studies. In the current study, we tested if task-irrelevant features induce VDAC even in the test phase with no reward. We used a flanker task during reward learning to create color-reward associations (training phase), and then tested the effect of color during visual search (test phase). Reward learning with no spatial uncertainty in the flanker task induced VDAC, even when reward signaling color was associated with both target and distractor (Experiments 1 and 2). In Experiment 3, a significant VDAC with a color for all letters indicated that targetdistractor discrimination is not necessary for VDAC. Finally, a significant VDAC (Experiment 4) with color rectangular frames around the letters indicated binding rewardassociated features to task-relevant letters is not necessary for VDAC. All these effects were obtained in the test phase without reward, thus VDAC in the current study is comparable to previous studies using target-defining features. These findings indicate that task-relevance is not a necessary condition for VDAC from reward-associated features, suggesting that reward-associated learning in VDAC is more indirect.

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“…Likewise, when a smoking image was present rather than absent in the distractor, the N2pc to the target was also greater, again suggesting an active avoidance of the smokingrelated image. The way in which attention is allocated in addiction contrasts with a reward-related attentional bias, in which items that are associated with a reward appear to automatically capture attention, even when they are not relevant for the current task (Anderson & Yantis, 2011a, 2011bHarris et al, 2016;Hickey, Chelazzi, & Theeuwes, 2010;Qi, Zeng, Ding, & Li, 2013). Here, perhaps, participants were invoking top-down control mechanisms to avoid potentially unwanted addiction-related images.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An electrophysiological dissociation of craving and stimulus-dependent attentional capture in smokers

Donohue

Woldorff

Hopf

et al. 2016

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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It has been suggested that over the course of an addiction, addiction-related stimuli become highly salient in the environment, thereby capturing an addict's attention. To assess these effects neurally in smokers, and how they interact with craving, we recorded electroencephalography (EEG) in two sessions: one in which participants had just smoked (noncraving), and one in which they had abstained from smoking for 3 h (craving). In both sessions, participants performed a visual-search task in which two colored squares were presented to the left and right of fixation, with one color being the target to which they should shift attention and discriminate the locations of two missing corners. Task-irrelevant images, both smoking-related and non-smoking-related, were embedded in both squares, enabling the shift of spatial attention to the target to be examined as a function of the addiction-related image being present or absent in the target, the distractor, or both. Behaviorally, participants were slower to respond to targets containing a smoking-related image. Furthermore, when the target contained a smoking-related image, the neural responses indicated that attention had been shifted less strongly to the target; when the distractor contained a smoking-related image, the shift of attention to the contralateral target was stronger. These effects occurred independently of craving and suggest that participants were actively avoiding the smoking-related images. Together, these results provide an electrophysiological dissociation between addiction-related visual-stimulus processing and the neural activity associated with craving.

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Neural correlates of reward-driven attentional capture in visual search

Cited by 92 publications

References 35 publications

Oculomotor capture by stimuli that signal the availability of reward

Oculomotor capture by stimuli that signal the availability of reward

Task-irrelevant stimulus-reward association induces value-driven attentional capture

An electrophysiological dissociation of craving and stimulus-dependent attentional capture in smokers

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