Neural Correlates of Perceived Brightness in the Retina, Lateral Geniculate Nucleus, and Striate Cortex

Rossi, Andrew F.; Paradiso, Michael A.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.19-14-06145.1999

Cited by 161 publications

(172 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Neurophysiological studies in monkey suggest that a subpopulation of V1 and V2 neurons respond to luminance modulations well outside their classical receptive field (Kinoshita and Komatsu, 2001;Roe et al, 2005), in a manner qualitatively consistent with brightness perception. Similar results have been reported in cats (Rossi et al, 1996;Rossi and Paradiso, 1999;Hung et al, 2001). Friedman et al (2003), however, found no evidence for color filling-in signals in V1 and V2 of awake behaving monkeys.…”

Section: Comparison To Neurophysiological Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Recent modeling work suggests that the majority of V1 responses reported by Kinoshita and Komatsu (2001) can be understood on the basis of local and mean luminance processing and that only a small minority of responses are consistent with edge-driven surface activity, such as brightness filling-in (Vladusich et al, 2006). We speculate that the properties of these previously determined surface-responsive neurons (Rossi et al, 1996;MacEvoy et al, 1998;Rossi and Paradiso, 1999;Hung et al, 2001;Kinoshita and Komatsu, 2001;Roe et al, 2005) may in fact arise from the mechanisms underlying the extended edge responses we observed in our study, and so are presumably not directly related to our perception of brightness, color, or filling-in.…”

Section: Comparison To Neurophysiological Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Neurophysiological studies of monkey and cat visual cortex provide some support for the filling-in hypothesis. A small proportion of neurons, responding to the interiors of achromatic surfaces, exhibit properties consistent with aspects of human brightness constancy (MacEvoy and Paradiso, 2001), brightness induction (Rossi et al, 1996;Rossi and Paradiso, 1999;Kinoshita and Komatsu, 2001;Peng and Van Essen, 2005), the Craik-Cornsweet-O'Brian brightness illusion (Hung et al, 2001; Roe et al, 2005), and surface completion of the retinal blind spot (Komatsu et al, 2000(Komatsu et al, , 2002. No neurophysiological study, however, has yet revealed evidence of a topographic cortical representation corresponding to uniform surface regions von der Heydt et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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No Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evidence for Brightness and Color Filling-In In Early Human Visual Cortex

Cornelissen¹,

Wade²,

Vladusich³

et al. 2006

J. Neurosci.

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The brightness and color of a surface depends on its contrast with nearby surfaces. For example, a gray surface can appear very light when surrounded by a black surface or dark when surrounded by a white surface. Some theories suggest that perceived surface brightness and color is represented explicitly by neural signals in cortical visual field maps; these neural signals are not initiated by the stimulus itself but rather by the contrast signals at the borders. Here, we use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to search for such neural "filling-in" signals. Although we find the usual strong relationship between local contrast and fMRI response, when perceived brightness or color changes are induced by modulating a surrounding field, rather than the surface itself, we find there is no corresponding local modulation in primary visual cortex or other nearby retinotopic maps. Moreover, when we model the obtained fMRI responses, we find strong evidence for contributions of both local and long-range edge responses. We argue that such extended edge responses may be caused by neurons previously identified in neurophysiological studies as being brightness responsive, a characterization that may therefore need to be revised. We conclude that the visual field maps of human V1 and V2 do not contain filled-in, topographical representations of surface brightness and color.

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Section: Comparison To Neurophysiological Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Comparison To Neurophysiological Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

No Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evidence for Brightness and Color Filling-In In Early Human Visual Cortex

Cornelissen¹,

Wade²,

Vladusich³

et al. 2006

J. Neurosci.

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show abstract

“…Our result also can account for neurophysiological results from the cat, which show that most V1 and some lateral geniculate nucleus neurons modulate their firing rate in correlation with the perceived brightness of achromatic stimuli within their receptive field (17)(18)(19); the influence of the surround on the responses of these cells is not attributable to feedback from higher areas, as postulated, but is a consequence of the fact that relative brightness is calculated at the monocular level.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

A psychophysical dissection of the brain sites involved in color-generating comparisons

Moutoussis¹,

Zeki²

2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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We have used simple psychophysical methods to determine the sites of color-generating mechanisms in the brain. In our first experiment, subjects viewed an abstract multicolored ''Mondrian'' display through one eye and an isolated patch from the display through the other. With normal binocular͞monocular viewing, the patch has a different color when viewed on its own (void mode) or as part of the Mondrian display (natural mode) [Land, E. H. (1974) Proc. R. Inst. G. B. 49, 23-58]. When the two stimuli were viewed dichoptically, with the patch occupying the position that it would occupy in the Mondrian complex under normal viewing, the patch always appeared in its void color. In a second experiment, when subjects viewed multicolored displays through a different narrowband filter placed over each eye, the information from the two eyes was combined to result in new colors, which were not seen through either of the two eyes alone. Taken together, these results dissect color-generating mechanisms into two stages, located at different sites of the brain: The first occurs before the appearance of binocular neurons in the cortex and compares wavelength information across space, whereas the second occurs after the convergence of the input from the two eyes and synthetically combines the results of the first.

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“…For instance, in brightness induction [56], the perceived brightness of a static gray field changes as the luminance of the surrounding areas is modulated, a change that is not reflected in the responses of ganglion cells [57]. Brightness perception likely involves interactions on a larger spatial scale than those observed in the retina [58].…”

Section: Peripheral Code Of Perceived Intensity In Other Sensory Modamentioning

confidence: 99%

Tactile intensity and population codes

Bensmaı̈a

2008

Behavioural Brain Research

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An important question in neuroscience is how different aspects of a stimulus are encoded at different stages of neural processing. In this review, I discuss studies investigating the peripheral neural code for perceived intensity in touch. One of the recurrent themes in this line of research is that information about stimulus intensity is encoded in the activity of populations of neurons. Not only is information integrated across afferents of given type, but information is also combined across submodalities to yield a unified percept of stimulus intensity. The convergence of information stemming from multiple submodalities is particularly interesting in light of the fact that tactile these are generally thought to be parallel sensory channels with distinct sensory functions and little cross-channel interactions. I discuss implications of a recently proposed model of intensity coding for psychophysical functions and for the coding of intensity in cortex. I also briefly review the peripheral coding of intensity in other sensory modalities. Perceived intensity and integration within and across submodalitiesIntensity is a basic perceptual dimension in the sense that any two stimuli can be compared along the intensive continuum as long as they impinge upon the same sensory sheet (the retina, the cochlea, the olfactory epithelium, etc.). For instance, the brightness of two objects or the loudness of two sounds can be readily compared (see [1], e.g.). Our experience with tactile stimuli -perceiving a puff of air, a light tap or a strong nudge -suggests that tactile intensity is a unitary percept; however, this belief may not be as straightforward as one might initially suppose. Indeed, the skin is innervated by a variety of receptors, several of which subserve the sense of "discriminative touch," within which perceived (tactile) intensity is subsumed. The retina comprises four types of photoreceptors, so the presence of multiple receptor types is not what separates the sense of touch from its visual counterpart. The important distinction is that input from the four photoreceptors has long been known to converge, even within the retina itself, whereas input from low-threshold mechanoreceptive afferents is thought to remain segregated through at least the first cortical processing stage [2]. In fact, the four populations of low-threshold mechanoreceptive afferents are commonly thought to form the inputs to four distinct sensory channels in touch [3]. However, when contacting everyday objects, all four mechanoreceptive channels are more often than not activated. The study of the perception of intensity allows us to investigate how information stemming from these four channels is combined to yield a unitary percept of stimulus intensity.Address: Krieger 338, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218, Phone: (410) Fax: (410) 516-8648, Email: sliman@jhu.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our cust...

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Neural Correlates of Perceived Brightness in the Retina, Lateral Geniculate Nucleus, and Striate Cortex

Cited by 161 publications

References 35 publications

No Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evidence for Brightness and Color Filling-In In Early Human Visual Cortex

No Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evidence for Brightness and Color Filling-In In Early Human Visual Cortex

A psychophysical dissection of the brain sites involved in color-generating comparisons

Tactile intensity and population codes

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