Neural correlates of individual differences in circadian behaviour

Evans, Jennifer; Leise, Tanya; Castanon-Cervantes, Oscar; Davidson, Alec J.

doi:10.1098/rspb.2015.0769

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…It is possible that circadian parameters fluctuate over time, but this does not appear to be the case as we found a significant positive correlation between circadian locomotor activity between entrained conditions pre and post light manipulations. This suggests that individual differences in these circadian parameters are stable over time, which is consistent with previous findings [ 37 ]. Therefore, we are confident that the results from this time point reflect the general relationship between circadian locomotor parameters and mood-related behaviors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…We observed that rate of re-entrainment was also associated with more time spent in the closed arms of the EPM, a lower percentage of open arm entries, and less time spent in the open arms, which are also indicative of anxiety. It was recently demonstrated that individual differences in the rate of re-entrainment is associated with the degree of phase heterogeneity between individual SCN neurons [ 37 ]. These data suggest, that the phase heterogeneity or coherence of neuronal oscillations within the SCN could modulate anxiety-related behaviors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Individual differences in circadian locomotor parameters correlate with anxiety- and depression-like behavior

Anyan¹,

Verwey²,

Amir³

2017

PLoS ONE

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Disrupted circadian rhythms are a core feature of mood and anxiety disorders. Circadian rhythms are coordinated by a light-entrainable master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Animal models of mood and anxiety disorders often exhibit blunted rhythms in locomotor activity and clock gene expression. Interestingly, the changes in circadian rhythms correlate with mood-related behaviours. Although animal models of depression and anxiety exhibit aberrant circadian rhythms in physiology and behavior, it is possible that the methodology being used to induce the behavioral phenotype (e.g., brain lesions, chronic stress, global gene deletion) affect behavior independently of circadian system. This study investigates the relationship between individual differences in circadian locomotor parameters and mood-related behaviors in healthy rats. The circadian phenotype of male Lewis rats was characterized by analyzing wheel running behavior under standard 12h:12h LD conditions, constant dark, constant light, and rate of re-entrainment to a phase advance. Rats were then tested on a battery of behavioral tests: activity box, restricted feeding, elevated plus maze, forced swim test, and fear conditioning. Under 12h:12h LD conditions, percent of daily activity in the light phase and variability in activity onset were associated with longer latency to immobility in the forced swim test. Variability in onset also correlated positively with anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze. Rate of re-entrainment correlated positively with measures of anxiety in the activity box and elevated plus maze. Lastly, we found that free running period under constant dark was associated with anxiety-like behaviors in the activity box and elevated plus maze. Our results provide a previously uncharacterized relationship between circadian locomotor parameters and mood-related behaviors in healthy rats and provide a basis for future examination into circadian clock functioning and mood.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual differences in circadian locomotor parameters correlate with anxiety- and depression-like behavior

Anyan¹,

Verwey²,

Amir³

2017

PLoS ONE

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“…Importantly, we are also not the first to fail in modelling jetlag symptom severity based on classic circadian predictors: In a sample of 53 travelers, Becker et al found no relationship between daily jetlag symptom scores and direction of travel, number of time zones crossed and chronotype using multi-factor MANOVA 30 . Even in certain re-entrainment scenarios, some data even point towards limited predictive value of the classic parameters because of inter-individual variability in re-entrainment also in inbred animal models under controlled laboratory conditions 19,53 or mathematical models suggesting complex interactions between circadian parameters, which can lead to faster re-entrainment after more and not less time zones crossed 54 . If our findings can be further replicated in other samples, this calls into question the current guidelines on the determinants of jetlag syndrome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jetlag Expectations, not Circadian Parameters, Predict Jetlag Symptom Severity in Travelers

Ullrich¹,

Fischer

Deutsch³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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After a flight across multiple time zones, most people show a transient state of circadian misalignment causing temporary malaise known as jetlag disorder. The severity of the elicited symptoms is postulated to depend mostly on circadian factors such as the number of time zones crossed and the direction of travel. Here, we examined the influence of prior expectation on symptom severity, compared to said “classic” determinants, in order to gauge potential psychosocial effects in jetlag disorder.To this end, we monitored jetlag symptoms in travel-inexperienced individuals (n=90, 18-37y) via detailed questionnaires twice daily for one week before and after flights crossing >3 time zones. We found pronounced differences in individual symptom load that could be grouped into 4 basic symptom trajectories. Both traditional and newly devised metrics of jetlag symptom intensity and duration (accounting for individual symptom trajectories) recapitulated previous results of jetlag prevalence at about 50-60% as well as general symptom dynamics.Surprisingly, however, regression models showed very low predictive power for any of the jetlag outcomes. The classic circadian determinants, including number of time zones crossed and direction of travel, exhibited little to no link with jetlag symptom intensity and duration. Only expectation emerged as a parameter with systematic, albeit small, predictive value.These results suggest expectation as a relevant factor in jetlag experience - hinting at potential placebo effects and new treatment options. Our findings also caution against jetlag recommendations based on circadian principles but insufficient evidence linking circadian re-synchronization dynamics with ensuing symptom intensity and duration.Significance StatementJetlag disorder afflicts millions of travelers each year - a nuisance on holiday trips but also a danger in safety and performance-critical operations. For effective prevention and treatment, it is critical to understand what influences jetlag severity, i.e. jetlag symptom intensity and duration. In contrast to what guidelines state, in our study, we did not find that symptom severity could be explained by the number of time zones crossed or travel direction. Rather, travelers’ expectations about how long and strongly they will suffer from jetlag symptoms was the only factor systematically predicting jetlag severity. If this holds true not only for subjective but also objective symptoms, we need to revisit assumptions about how circadian desynchronization relates to experienced jetlag symptoms.

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“…Interestingly, the SCN of animals that re‐entrained to new light schedules faster showed larger, late‐peaking regions of gene expression compared to mice that shifted slowly (Evans et al . b). Other implications for these spatial relationships and outputs are apparent in responses in aging circadian systems, as well as systems facing sleep and metabolic disorders (Ramkisoensing & Meijer ).…”

Section: Comparing Clock Centers – Scn Versus Psm – Spatial Waves Oumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This organization could also have important consequences for behavior: a recent study highlighted positive correlations between neural gene expression in sub-regions of the SCN and the activity rhythms of mice. Interestingly, the SCN of animals that reentrained to new light schedules faster showed larger, late-peaking regions of gene expression compared to mice that shifted slowly (Evans et al 2015b). Other implications for these spatial relationships and outputs are apparent in responses in aging circadian systems, as well as systems facing sleep and metabolic disorders (Ramkisoensing & Meijer 2015).…”

Section: Temperature Compensationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing by rhythms: Daily clocks and developmental rulers

Webb

Oates

2015

Dev Growth Differ

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Biological rhythms are widespread, allowing organisms to temporally organize their behavior and metabolism in advantageous ways. Such proper timing of molecular and cellular events is critical to their development and health. This is best understood in the case of the circadian clock that orchestrates the daily sleep/wake cycle of organisms. Temporal rhythms can also be used for spatial organization, if information from an oscillating system can be recorded within the tissue in a manner that leaves a permanent periodic pattern. One example of this is the “segmentation clock” used by the vertebrate embryo to rhythmically and sequentially subdivide its elongating body axis. The segmentation clock moves with the elongation of the embryo, such that its period sets the segment length as the tissue grows outward. Although the study of this system is still relatively young compared to the circadian clock, outlines of molecular, cellular, and tissue‐level regulatory mechanisms of timing have emerged. The question remains, however, is it truly a clock? Here we seek to introduce the segmentation clock to a wider audience of chronobiologists, focusing on the role and control of timing in the system. We compare and contrast the segmentation clock with the circadian clock, and propose that the segmentation clock is actually an oscillatory ruler, with a primary function to measure embryonic space.

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Neural correlates of individual differences in circadian behaviour

Cited by 15 publications

References 50 publications

Individual differences in circadian locomotor parameters correlate with anxiety- and depression-like behavior

Individual differences in circadian locomotor parameters correlate with anxiety- and depression-like behavior

Jetlag Expectations, not Circadian Parameters, Predict Jetlag Symptom Severity in Travelers

Timing by rhythms: Daily clocks and developmental rulers

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