Neural correlates of experimental trauma memory retrieval

Gvozdanovic, Geraldine; Stämpfli, Philipp; Seifritz, Erich; Rasch, Björn

doi:10.1002/hbm.23613

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…For the memory network, we selected bilateral brain regions consistently reported as suppressed during memory suppression (25-30, 34, 36, 37), including: (i) the hippocampus (divided into rostral and caudal parts); (ii) the parahippocampal gyrus; (iii) the fusiform gyrus; and (iv) the ventral part of the precuneus alongside the parietal sulcus. The ventral part of the precuneus is associated with visual imagery (86), episodic (60), autobiographical (87), and trauma-related memories (57,58). Note that the dorsal portion of the precuneus, as well as the transitional zone (BA 31) are activated rather than suppressed during no-think trials, and therefore cannot be included in the down-regulated target memory network.…”

Section: Regions Of Interest (Rois)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience after trauma: The role of memory suppression

Mary

Dayan

Leone

et al. 2020

Science

164

167

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In the aftermath of trauma, little is known about why the unwanted and unbidden recollection of traumatic memories persists in some individuals but not others. We implemented neutral and inoffensive intrusive memories in the laboratory in a group of 102 individuals exposed to the 2015 Paris terrorist attacks and 73 nonexposed individuals, who were not in Paris during the attacks. While reexperiencing these intrusive memories, nonexposed individuals and exposed individuals without posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) could adaptively suppress memory activity, but exposed individuals with PTSD could not. These findings suggest that the capacity to suppress memory is central to positive posttraumatic adaptation. A generalized disruption of the memory control system could explain the maladaptive and unsuccessful suppression attempts often seen in PTSD, and this disruption should be targeted by specific treatments.

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Section: Regions Of Interest (Rois)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience after trauma: The role of memory suppression

Mary

Dayan

Leone

et al. 2020

Science

164

167

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In the final study ( Gvozdanovic, Stämpfli, Seifritz, & Rasch, 2017 ), using a between-subjects design, participants were presented either with a neutral film clip or an aversive film clip (a rape scene). Within three hours after encoding, neural responses to implicit memory stimuli (unattended neutral cues from both films) and explicit memory stimuli (an audiotape of someone retelling the traumatic scene) were assessed.…”

Section: Insights From Cognitive Science On the Development Of Intrusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrusive memories of trauma: A target for research bridging cognitive science and its clinical application

Iyadurai

Visser

Lau‐Zhu

et al. 2019

Clinical Psychology Review

150

115

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Intrusive memories of a traumatic event can be distressing and disruptive, and comprise a core clinical feature of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Intrusive memories involve mental imagery-based impressions that intrude into mind involuntarily, and are emotional. Here we consider how recent advances in cognitive science have fueled our understanding of the development and possible treatment of intrusive memories of trauma. We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed, selecting articles published from 2008 to 2018 that used the terms “trauma” AND (“intrusive memories” OR “involuntary memories”) in their abstract or title. First, we discuss studies that investigated internal (neural, hormonal, psychophysiological, and cognitive) processes that contribute to intrusive memory development. Second, we discuss studies that targeted these processes using behavioural/pharmacological interventions to reduce intrusive memories. Third, we consider possible clinical implications of this work and highlight some emerging research avenues for treatment and prevention, supplemented by new data to examine some unanswered questions. In conclusion, we raise the possibility that intrusive memories comprise an alternative, possibly more focused, target in translational research endeavours, rather than only targeting overall symptoms of disorders such as PTSD. If so, relatively simple approaches could help to address the need for easy-to-deliver, widely-scalable trauma interventions.

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“…Interestingly, the amygdala is known for its projections to motor cortices including the precentral gyrus (Grezes, Valabregue, Gholipour, & Chevallier, 2014), a connection which has been associated with emotional modulations (Rizzo et al, 2018). Changes in functional connectivity be tween the precental gyrus and PTSD relevant regions have been reported in a trauma film group compared to a con trol film group during intrusive film picture presentation (Gvozdanovic et al, 2017). Thus, potentially due to the lim bic-motor interface properties of the precentral gyrus and its associated wide range brain connections (Rizzo et al, 2018), changes in the precentral gyrus seem to be of relevance in intrusive symptom development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research on functional data using the trauma film par adigm has been published in previous work (Gvozdanovic, Stampfli, Seifritz, & Rasch, 2017).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural brain differences predict early traumatic memory processing

et al. 2019

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Intrusive memories are a key symptom of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). They emerge early after trauma exposure and are predictive for PTSD development. There is a high relevance in evaluating the neurobiological mechanisms of early stages of intrusive symptom development to provide a further understanding of PTSD. In the present study, we explore structural differences in healthy young female subjects preceding experimental trauma exposure and their relationship to early intrusive memory development using a traumatic film paradigm. With voxel‐based morphometry, we demonstrate that smaller insular volume was associated with an increased number of early intrusive film memories. Moreover, larger lingual gyrus/cerebellar and inferior frontal gyrus/precentral gyrus volumes were also related to an increased number of early intrusive film memories. Our results identify unique brain areas associated with early experimental trauma memory processing and highlight the necessity of evaluating early symptom stages relevant for personalized PTSD prevention and treatment.

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Neural correlates of experimental trauma memory retrieval

Cited by 20 publications

References 49 publications

Resilience after trauma: The role of memory suppression

Resilience after trauma: The role of memory suppression

Intrusive memories of trauma: A target for research bridging cognitive science and its clinical application

Structural brain differences predict early traumatic memory processing

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