Neural correlates of error detection during complex response selection: Introduction of a novel eight-alternative response task

Stähl, Jutta; Mattes, André; Hundrieser, Manuela; Kummer, Kilian; Mück, Markus; Niessen, Eva; Porth, Elisa; Siswandari, Yohana; Wolters, Peter; Dummel, Sebastian

doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107969

Cited by 12 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Translating our findings to error detection studies, the increase in response caution with lower previous trial confidence converges with findings of error detection studies reporting increased slowing (i.e., a sign of behavioural adaptation) after detected compared to undetected errors (Nieuwenhuis et al, 2001;Stahl et al, 2020;Wessel et al, 2018; for a review on post-error adjustments see Danielmeier & Ullsperger, 2011).…”

Section: Adults Of All Ages Base Future Behaviour On Subjective Confidencesupporting

confidence: 84%

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Neural correlates of metacognition across the adult lifespan

Overhoff

Feuerriegel³

et al. 2021

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Metacognitive accuracy describes the degree of overlap between the subjective perception of one's decision accuracy (i.e., confidence) and objectively observed performance. With older age, the need for accurate metacognitive evaluation increases; however, error detection rates typically decrease. We investigated the effect of ageing on metacognitive accuracy using event-related potentials (ERPs) reflecting error detection and confidence: the error/correct negativity (Ne/c) and the error/correct positivity (Pe/c). Sixty-five healthy adults (20 to 76 years) completed a complex perceptual task and provided confidence ratings. We found that metacognitive accuracy declined with age beyond the expected decline in task performance, while the adaptive adjustment of behaviour was well preserved. Pe/c amplitudes varied by confidence rating, but they did not mirror the reduction in metacognitive accuracy. Ne/c amplitudes decreased with age except for high confidence correct responses. The results suggest that age-related difficulties in metacognitive evaluation could be related to an impaired integration of decision accuracy and confidence information processing. Ultimately, training the metacognitive evaluation of fundamental decisions in older adults might constitute a promising endeavour.

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Section: Adults Of All Ages Base Future Behaviour On Subjective Confidencesupporting

confidence: 84%

“…The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted March 17, 2021. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.17.431767 doi: bioRxiv preprint errors (Nieuwenhuis et al, 2001;Stahl et al, 2020;Wessel et al, 2018; for a review on post-error adjustments see Danielmeier & Ullsperger, 2011).…”

Section: Adults Of All Ages Base Future Behaviour On Subjective Confidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Neural correlates of metacognition across the adult lifespan

Overhoff

Feuerriegel³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Therefore, in case of conflict (which is present in error trials), RT might no longer yield reliable information about the task requirements, and the monitoring system might probe PF instead as an alternative response parameter to compensate for the lack of reliable RT when computing confidence. In support, recent work indicated that within a similar speed range for responses, the PF in error trials was related to decision confidence (Stahl et al, 2020). Hence, while RT might not differentiate confidence levels in errors, variations in PF may well capture this information and could therefore be integrated into the final confidence judgement.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…The latter was done, for example, in a study by Bode and Stahl (2014), who found that naturally occurring peak force was lower in errors compared to correct responses. It was suggested that this might indicate a process in which low force in error trials signifies an unsuccessful attempt to stop the already initiated response, which requires early and fast error detection (Bode and Stahl, 2014; Ko et al, 2012; Stahl et al, 2020). However, error detection or confidence was not directly assessed, rendering comparison between these two studies difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between response dynamics and the formation of confidence varies across the lifespan

Overhoff

Fink

et al. 2022

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Accurate metacognitive judgements, such as forming a confidence judgement, are crucial for goal-directed behaviour but decline with older age. Besides changes in the sensory processing of stimulus features, there might also be changes in the motoric aspects of giving responses that account for age-related changes in confidence. In order to assess the association between confidence and response parameters across the adult lifespan, we measured response times and peak forces in a four-choice flanker task with subsequent confidence judgements. In 65 healthy adults from 20 to 76 years of age, we showed divergent associations of each measure with confidence, depending on decision accuracy. Participants indicated higher confidence after faster responses in correct but not incorrect trials. They also indicated higher confidence after less forceful responses in errors but not in correct trials. Notably, these associations were age-dependent as the relationship between confidence and response time was more pronounced in older participants, while the relationship between confidence and response force decayed with age. Our results add to the notion that confidence is related to response parameters and demonstrate noteworthy changes in the observed associations across the adult lifespan. These changes potentially constitute an expression of general age-related deficits in performance monitoring or, alternatively, index a failing mechanism in the computation of confidence in older adults.

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“…However, we could not find this ERP component in any of the tasks. Surprised by these results, we came across a study suggesting that error-related negativity can be found only in relatively short RTs (Stahl et al, 2020). We suspect that the relatively slow responses compared with those in typical studies on error-related negativity may be the reason why we failed to find this effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Feelings “Feel” Wrong? Similarities Between Counter-Normative Emotion Reports and Perceptual Errors

et al. 2022

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In popular belief, emotions are regarded as deeply subjective and thus as lacking truth value. Is this reflected at the behavioral or brain level? This work compared counter-normative emotion reports with perceptual-decision errors. Participants (university students; N = 29, 16, 40, and 60 in Experiments 1–4, respectively) were given trials comprising two tasks and were asked to (a) report their pleasant or unpleasant feelings in response to emotion-invoking pictures (emotion report) and (b) indicate the gender of faces (perceptual decision). Focusing on classical error markers, we found that the results of both tasks indicated (a) post-error slowing, (b) speed/accuracy trade-offs, (c) a heavier right tail of the reaction time distribution for errors or counter-normative responses relative to correct or normative responses, and (d) inconclusive evidence for error-related negativity in electroencephalograms. These results suggest that at both the behavioral and the brain levels, the experience of reporting counter-normative emotions is remarkably similar to that accompanying perceptual-decision errors.

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Neural correlates of error detection during complex response selection: Introduction of a novel eight-alternative response task

Cited by 12 publications

References 52 publications

Neural correlates of metacognition across the adult lifespan

Neural correlates of metacognition across the adult lifespan

The relationship between response dynamics and the formation of confidence varies across the lifespan

Can Feelings “Feel” Wrong? Similarities Between Counter-Normative Emotion Reports and Perceptual Errors

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