Neural correlates of encoding in an incidental learning paradigm

Paller, Ken A.; Kutas, Marta; Mayes, Andrew R.

doi:10.1016/0013-4694(87)90124-6

Cited by 504 publications

(345 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Based on such data, several investigators (Halgren et al, 1980(Halgren et al, , 1983Okada, Kaufman, & Williamson, 1983) have proposed that generators contributing to P3 are localized in the medial portion of the temporal lobe (i.e., hippocampus and amygdala). Observations that P3 amplitude is correlated with subsequent memory performance (Fabiani, Karis, & Donchin, 1986;Karis, Fabiani, & Donchin, 1984;Neville, Kutas, Chesney, & Schmidt, 1986;Paller, Kutas, & Mayes, 1987;Sanquist, Rohrbaugh, Syndulko, & Lindsley, 1980) are consistent with this proposal, given that medial temporal lobe structures have been implicated in memory functions (Mishkin, 1978;Scoville & Milner, 1957;Zola-Morgan & Squire, 1985;Zola-Morgan, Squire, & Amaral, 1986).…”

supporting

confidence: 80%

P3-like brain waves in normal monkeys and in monkeys with medial temporal lesions.

Paller

Zola‐Morgan

Squire

et al. 1988

Behavioral Neuroscience

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The human brain produces a characteristic electrical response to relevant events that occur unexpectedly. Recent reports have suggested that a prominent part of this event-related brain potential-the P3 wave-may be related to memory functions and may arise from activity within the medial temporal lobe, especially the hippocampus. The latter idea was tested by means of epidural recordings of brain waves in monkeys. Responses to deviant auditory stimuli bore a close resemblance to P3 waves recorded from human subjects under comparable conditions. Monkeys with bilateral lesions of the medial temporal lobe still produced P3-like brain waves, which indicates that medial temporal brain structures are not critical for their generation.

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supporting

confidence: 80%

P3-like brain waves in normal monkeys and in monkeys with medial temporal lesions.

Paller

Zola‐Morgan

Squire

et al. 1988

Behavioral Neuroscience

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“…First, the more positive ERPs obtained in the 'attend' task in the N400 time window could have been due to a Dm effect. Indeed, this effect consists of more positive late ERPs for items that are better encoded in memory, since they are successfully remembered later (Paller et al, 1987). In the present experiment, encoding could only be boosted by the instructions of the 'attend' task.…”

Section: Distractor N400smentioning

confidence: 55%

Knowledge inhibition and N400: A within- and a between-subjects study with distractor words

et al. 2008

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We tested whether the N400 event-related potential (ERP) indexes the integration of semantic knowledge in the context or whether it indexes the inhibition of activated, but inappropriate, knowledge. A distractor-prime-target word sequence was presented in each trial. Subjects had to make semantic relatedness judgments on prime-target pairs. In the first experiment, subjects had an additional task. They either had to ignore or to attend to distractors. In critical conditions, that is, when distractors were related to targets, the times to make the prime-target semantic relatedness judgments were longer when subjects had to attend to distractors than when they had to ignore them. In accordance with the inhibition hypothesis, the amplitudes of the N400 elicited by distractors were larger in the ignore than in the attend task. In the second experiment, the same distractor-prime-target triplets were used. However, there was no additional task. Subjects only had to make the prime-target semantic-relatedness judgment. They were then split in two subgroups: the good ignorers, who did not take much longer to make the judgment in critical than in control conditions, and the poor ignorers, that is, those who did take much longer. Results were again consistent with the inhibition idea. The amplitudes of the N400s evoked by distractors were larger in the good than in the poor ignorers. The results of these two studies are taken together to support the idea that N400 index a semantic inhibition rather than an integration effort. IntroductionThe N400 is a brain potential that is elicited by the presentation of potentially meaningful stimuli in tasks that do not focus on the elementary physical features of these stimuli. Several hypotheses as to the nature of the computations performed by the brain process that are responsible for this potential have been proposed. Recently, some consideration has been given to the possibility that the N400 potential indexes not only activation but also inhibition processes (Barber et al., 2004;

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“…Although some studies have reported Dm effects that do not appear to be restricted to the P3, a P3 amplitude difference generally makes up an important part of the effect (Fabiani & Donchin, 1995). The Dm effect has been found when trials are sorted on the basis of both recall performance and recognition performance (Paller, Kutas, Mayes, 1987), and is larger for stimuli that are both recalled and recognized than for stimuli that are neither recalled nor recognized; stimuli that are recognized but not recalled elicit an intermediate positive deflection (Fabiani & Donchin, 1995). Fabiani and Donchin have also replicated the Dm effect using the reverse procedure: sorting and binning trials on the basis of single-trial P3 amplitudes, and then comparing recall and recognition performance between these bins.…”

Section: ) the Relationship Between The P3 And Learningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning, the P3, and the Locus Coeruleus-Norepinephrine System

Nieuwenhuis¹

2011

Neural Basis of Motivational and Cognitive Control

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Neural correlates of encoding in an incidental learning paradigm

Cited by 504 publications

References 14 publications

P3-like brain waves in normal monkeys and in monkeys with medial temporal lesions.

P3-like brain waves in normal monkeys and in monkeys with medial temporal lesions.

Knowledge inhibition and N400: A within- and a between-subjects study with distractor words

Learning, the P3, and the Locus Coeruleus-Norepinephrine System

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