Neural control of the heart

Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunctions and sleep disorders

“…The medullary reflexes are triggered by activation of baroreceptors, cardiac receptors and chemoreceptors [2].…”

“…Further, the neuronal populations participating in the transition from wake to sleep and in the subsequent development of the sleep stages are localized near to and reciprocally interconnected with the ANS areas involved in cardiovascular control [2,3].…”

Spectral Analyses of Heart Rate Variability by Acceleration Plethysmography for Diagnostic Support of Migraine: Clinical Research

“…They also tested these data in the head-up tilt test or Valsalva test. Recently, spectral analyses of HRV were introduced in many areas [10,18,19]. It is supposed that the HF component of HRV reflects parasympathetic activity and the LF component represents sympathetic and parasympathetic activities [20].…”

“…We focused on the phenomenon that orthostatic load increased sympathetic activities [19], and attempted to evaluate dynamic autonomic responses in patients. We showed that the HF ratio of standing/sitting position in migraine patients were significantly larger than those of TTH or normal control.…”

Uncovering brain–heart information through advanced signal and image processing

“…More specifically, insular cortex damage has been associated with cardiac arrhythmia, disruption of physiological diurnal blood pressure variations (e.g. a nondipper or riser pattern), myocardial injury and breathing-related sleep disorders, as well as higher plasma levels of brain natriuretic peptide, catecholamines and glucose [12,13]. Moreover, the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus was seen to be one of the most important central sites involved in regulating sympathetic tone and is, in part, responsible for the evident dysregulation of the sympathetic nervous system in heart failure [1].…”