Neural Control of Saccadic Eye Movements

Catz, Nicolas; Thier, Peter

doi:10.1159/000100349

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 102 publications

(115 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Moreover, it is indispensable for the precise perceptual separation of sensory stimulation arising from the world from the one resulting from the subject ´ s activities 46 . Probably the best understood biological realization of this principle is the brainstem saccade generator that relies on an extremely precise and instantaneous prediction of actual eye position rather than on way to sluggish sensory feedback 47,48 . Importantly, this internal prediction of the eye movement is optimized by the cerebellum 49 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unravelling cerebellar pathways with high temporal precision targeting motor and extensive sensory and parietal networks

et al. 2012

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Increasing evidence has implicated the cerebellum in providing forward models of motor plants predicting the sensory consequences of actions. Assuming that cerebellar input to the cerebral cortex contributes to the cerebro-cortical processing by adding forward model signals, we would expect to fi nd projections emphasising motor and sensory cortical areas. However, this expectation is only partially met by studies of cerebello -cerebral connections. Here we show that by electrically stimulating the cerebellar output and imaging responses with functional magnetic resonance imaging, evoked blood oxygen level-dependant activity is observed not only in the classical cerebellar projection target, the primary motor cortex, but also in a number of additional areas in insular, parietal and occipital cortex, including sensory cortical representations. Further probing of the responses reveals a projection system that has been optimized to mediate fast and temporarily precise information. In conclusion, both the topography of the stimulation effects and its emphasis on temporal precision are in full accordance with the concept of cerebellar forward model information modulating cerebro-cortical processing.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unravelling cerebellar pathways with high temporal precision targeting motor and extensive sensory and parietal networks

et al. 2012

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, much like eyeblink conditioning (Medina et al, 2000), the execution and adaptation of saccades requires the cerebellum (Hopp and Fuchs, 2004; Catz and Thier, 2007). It is intriguing that saccade velocity trajectories are strikingly similar to the eyelid trajectories analyzed here, revealing a fixed-duration acceleration phase followed by a deceleration phase which is lengthened or shortened for longer or shorter saccade durations (Van Opstal and Van Gisbergen, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Timing of Motor Output in the Mouse: The Role of Movement Oscillations in Eyelid Conditioning

Chettih¹,

McDougle²,

Ruffolo³

et al. 2011

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To survive, animals must learn to control their movements with millisecond-level precision, and adjust the kinematics if conditions, or task requirements, change. Here, we examine adaptive timing of motor output in mice, using a simple eyelid conditioning task. Mice were trained to blink in response to a light stimulus that was always followed by a corneal air-puff at a constant time interval. Different mice were trained with different intervals of time separating the onset of the light and the air-puff. As in previous work in other animal species, mice learned to control the speed of the blink, such that the time of maximum eyelid closure matched the interval used during training. However, we found that the time of maximum eyelid speed was always in the first 100 ms after movement onset and did not scale with the training interval, indicating that adaptive timing is not accomplished by slowing down (or speeding up) the eyelid movement uniformly throughout the duration of the blink. A new analysis, specifically designed to examine the kinematics of blinks in single trials, revealed that the underlying control signal responsible for the eyelid movement is made up of oscillatory bursts that are time-locked to the light stimulus at the beginning of the blink, becoming desynchronized later on. Furthermore, mice learn to blink at different speeds and time the movement appropriately by adjusting the amplitude, but not the frequency of the bursts in the eyelid oscillation.

show abstract

“…Saccades are rapid eye movements that redirect the visual axes to bring successive visual images onto the fovea (Enderle, 2002). Saccadic eye movements are among the fastest (<100 msec, maximal velocity *500°/sec) and most stereotyped responses in our behavioral repertoire (Catz and Thier, 2007;Enderle, 2002). Saccadic tracking is complemented by a fixation mechanism that keeps the visual image steady on the fovea for detailed visual analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic Connectivity Provides the Baseline Framework for Variability in Motor Performance: A Multivariate Fusion Analysis of Low- and High-Frequency Resting-State Oscillations and Antisaccade Performance

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Intrinsic brain activity provides the functional framework for the brain's full repertoire of behavioral responses; that is, a common mechanism underlies intrinsic and extrinsic neural activity, with extrinsic activity building upon the underlying baseline intrinsic activity. The generation of a motor movement in response to sensory stimulation is one of the most fundamental functions of the central nervous system. Since saccadic eye movements are among our most stereotyped motor responses, we hypothesized that individual variability in the ability to inhibit a prepotent saccade and make a voluntary antisaccade would be related to individual variability in intrinsic connectivity. Twenty-three individuals completed the antisaccade task and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). A multivariate analysis of covariance identified relationships between fMRI oscillations (0.01-0.2 Hz) of resting-state networks determined using high-dimensional independent component analysis and antisaccade performance (latency, error rate). Significant multivariate relationships between antisaccade latency and directional error rate were obtained in independent components across the entire brain. Some of the relationships were obtained in components that overlapped substantially with the task; however, many were obtained in components that showed little overlap with the task. The current results demonstrate that even in the absence of a task, spectral power in regions showing little overlap with task activity predicts an individual's performance on a saccade task.

show abstract

Neural Control of Saccadic Eye Movements

Cited by 22 publications

References 102 publications

Unravelling cerebellar pathways with high temporal precision targeting motor and extensive sensory and parietal networks

Unravelling cerebellar pathways with high temporal precision targeting motor and extensive sensory and parietal networks

Adaptive Timing of Motor Output in the Mouse: The Role of Movement Oscillations in Eyelid Conditioning

Intrinsic Connectivity Provides the Baseline Framework for Variability in Motor Performance: A Multivariate Fusion Analysis of Low- and High-Frequency Resting-State Oscillations and Antisaccade Performance

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About