Neural control of heartbeat in the pteropod mollusk Clione limacina

Arshavskii, Yu. I.; Delyagina, T. G.; Meizerov, E. S.; Orlovskii, G. N.; Павлова, Г. А.; Panchin, Yu. V.; Popova, L. B.

doi:10.1007/bf01056971

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In both vertebrates and invertebrates, autonomic adjustments to exercise are in some cases driven by a "central command"-a neural signal generated in parallel with the signal from the higher center that controls somatic musculature. Reflex action may then fine-tune the autonomic response (Arshavsky et al 1990;Eldridge et al 1985;Mateika and Duffin 1995). Our results, combined with earlier results in the literature, demonstrate that such a central command coordinates autonomic activity with escape locomotion in Aplysia and that the R15 peptide-containing cells we have identified are part of a circuit that relays the central command to visceral organs (Fig.…”

Section: Central Command Coordinates Autonomic and Locomotor Functionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Autonomic Control Network Active inAplysiaDuring Locomotion Includes Neurons That Express Splice Variants of R15-Neuropeptides

Romanova

McKay

Weiss

et al. 2007

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Splice-variant products of the R15 neuropeptide gene are differentially expressed within the CNS of Aplysia. The goal of this study was to test whether the neurons in the abdominal ganglion that express the peptides encoded by this gene are part of a common circuit. Expression of R15 peptides had been demonstrated previously in neuron R15. Using a combination of immunocytochemical and analytical methods, this study demonstrated that R15 peptides are also expressed in heart exciter neuron RB(HE), the two L9(G) gill motoneurons, and L40--a newly identified interneuron. Mass spectrometric profiling of individual neurons that exhibit R15 peptide-like immunoreactivity confirmed the mutually exclusive expression of two splice-variant forms of R15 peptides in different neurons. The L9(G) cells were found to co-express pedal peptide in addition to the R15 peptides. The R15 peptide-expressing neurons examined here were shown to be part of an autonomic control circuit that is active during fictive locomotion. Activity in this circuit contributes to implementing a central command that may help to coordinate autonomic activity with escape locomotion. Chronic extracellular nerve recording was used to determine the activity patterns of a subset of neurons of this circuit in vivo. These results demonstrate the potential utility of using shared patterns of neuropeptide expression as a guide for neural circuit identification.

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Section: Central Command Coordinates Autonomic and Locomotor Functionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Autonomic Control Network Active inAplysiaDuring Locomotion Includes Neurons That Express Splice Variants of R15-Neuropeptides

Romanova

McKay

Weiss

et al. 2007

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…In paralyzed animals, electrical stimulation of brainstem areas induces fictive locomotion and concomitant activation of vegetative effectors (Eldridge et al 1981;. This coupling of motor preparation and cardiac activation seems to rely on a very primitive mechanism that can already be found in invertebrates (Arshavsky et al 1990).…”

Section: Physiological Correlates Of Motor Imagery and Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor representations and reality

Jeannerod¹

1994

Behav Brain Sci

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This paper concerns how motor actions are neurally represented and coded. Action planning and motor preparation can be studied using a specific type of representational activity, motor imagery. A close functional equivalence between motor imagery and motor preparation is suggested by the positive effects of imagining movements on motor learning, the similarity between the neural structures involved, and the similar physiological correlates observed in both imaging and preparing. The content of motor representations can be inferred from motor images at a macroscopic level, based on global aspects of the action (the duration and amount of effort involved) and the motor rules and constraints which predict the spatial path and kinematics of movements. A more microscopic neural account calls for a representation of object-oriented action. Object attributes are processed in different neural pathways depending on the kind of task the subject is performing. During object-oriented action, a pragmatic representation is activated in which object affordances are transformed into specific motor schemas (independently of other tasks such as object recognition). Animal as.svell as human clinical data implicate the posterior parietal and premotor cortical areas in schema instantiation. A mechanism is proposed that is able to encode the desired goal of the action and is applicable to different levels of representational organization.

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“…Isolated wing-nerve preparations stimulated to contract by the addition of serotonin consumed more oxygen at -1.8°C than did those from C. limacina at 5°C (Fig.5A) (N2 for serotonin experiments). Contraction of wing muscles in whole animals is dependent on hydrostatic pressure and is linked to contraction of the heart (Arshavsky et al, 1990). Thus, muscle contractions in isolated wingnerve preparations are incomplete and presumably consume far less energy than those in actively swimming whole animals.…”

Section: Citrate Synthasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additional measurements were made with the wing nerves cut as a control. The contraction of pteropod wings depends on hydrostatic pressure generated by the entire body during locomotion (Arshavsky et al, 1990). Thus, in the reduced preparation, complete wing-beat cycles were not possible.…”

Section: Oxygen Consumption In Isolated Wing Nerve-muscle Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature compensation of aerobic capacity and performance in the Antarctic pteropod,Clione antarctica, compared to its northern congener,C. limacina

Dymowska

Manfredi

Rosenthal

et al. 2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYIn ectotherms living in cold waters, locomotory performance is constrained by a slower generation of the ATP that is needed to fuel muscle contraction. Both polar and temperate pteropods of the genus Clione, however, are able to swim continuously by flapping their parapodia (wings) at comparable frequencies at their respective habitat temperatures. Therefore, we expected polar species to have increased aerobic capacities in their wing muscles when measured at common temperatures. We investigated muscle and mitochondrial ultrastructure of Clione antarctica from the Southern Ocean (-1.8°C) and populations of a sister species, Clione limacina, from the Arctic (-0.5 to 3°C) and from the North Atlantic (10°C). We also measured oxygen consumption and the activity of the mitochondrial enzyme citrate synthase (CS) in isolated wings of the two species. The Antarctic species showed a substantial up-regulation of the density of oxidative muscle fibers, but at the expense of fast-twitch muscle fibers. Mitochondrial capacity was also substantially increased in the Antarctic species, with the cristae surface density (58.2±1.3m ). The values for cold-adapted populations are on par with those found in highperformance vertebrates. As a result of oxidative muscle proliferation, CS activity was 4-fold greater in C. antarctica wings than in temperate C. limacina when measured at a common temperature (20°C). Oxygen consumption of isolated wing preparations was comparable in the two species when measured at their respective habitat temperatures. These findings indicate complete compensation of ATP generation in wing muscles across a 10°C temperature range, which supports similar wing-beat frequencies during locomotion at each speciesʼ respective temperature. The elevated capacity in the wing muscles is reflected in the partial compensation of whole-animal oxygen consumption and feeding rates.

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Neural control of heartbeat in the pteropod mollusk Clione limacina

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

Autonomic Control Network Active inAplysiaDuring Locomotion Includes Neurons That Express Splice Variants of R15-Neuropeptides

Autonomic Control Network Active inAplysiaDuring Locomotion Includes Neurons That Express Splice Variants of R15-Neuropeptides

Motor representations and reality

Temperature compensation of aerobic capacity and performance in the Antarctic pteropod,Clione antarctica, compared to its northern congener,C. limacina

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