Neural compensation after early lesions: A clinical view of animal experiments

Gramsbergen, Albert

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.10.002

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The existence of regional brain volume variations in IUGR fetuses is in agreement with previous reports evaluating regional brain volumes with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)12, and brain areas calculated by sonographic biometric estimations7 in IUGR preterm neonates. Our data are also in line with the concept of reorganization of the developing human brain in the context of pathological conditions or lesions19–21.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…There are several possible explanations for the distinct size of intracranial structures in IUGR fetuses. Studies using animal models and voxel‐based morphometry have demonstrated that early brain insults often lead to extensive neural reorganization of the gray and white brain matter, which can be expressed as an increment or reduction in specific brain areas19, 21, 29. These changes may reflect the existence of regional differences in susceptibility to brain insults19.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three‐dimensional sonographic calculation of the volume of intracranial structures in growth‐restricted and appropriate‐for‐gestational age fetuses

Benavides-Serralde

Hernández‐Andrade

Fernández-Delgado

et al. 2009

Ultrasound in Obstet & Gyne

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Objectives To evaluate the feasibility and reproducibility of volume segmentation of fetal intracranial structures using three-dimensional (3D) 0.97 (95% CI, cerebellar 0.69 (95% CI, frontal 0.66 (95% CI,).Conclusions IUGR fetuses show differences in the volume of intracranial structures compared with AGA fetuses, with the largest difference found in the frontal region. These differences might be explained by in-utero processes of neural reorganization induced by chronic hypoxia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three‐dimensional sonographic calculation of the volume of intracranial structures in growth‐restricted and appropriate‐for‐gestational age fetuses

Benavides-Serralde

Hernández‐Andrade

Fernández-Delgado

et al. 2009

Ultrasound in Obstet & Gyne

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“…In all cases, these neuronal differences were observed in the absence of any differences in performance. One possible explanation of this is that the same behavioural output is being achieved using different mechanisms, in line with theories discussing “neuronal compensation” in pathology (Gramsbergen, 2007; Erk et al, 2011). However, in the context of social and emotional tasks it is also possible that the mechanisms mediating behavioural output are comparable but the neuronal differences we observe reflect differences in the feelings elicited by the same category of decisions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Enhanced subgenual cingulate response to altruistic decisions in remitted major depressive disorder

Pulcu

Zahn

Moll

et al. 2014

NeuroImage: Clinical

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BackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with functional abnormalities in fronto-meso-limbic networks contributing to decision-making, affective and reward processing impairments. Such functional disturbances may underlie a tendency for enhanced altruism driven by empathy-based guilt observed in some patients. However, despite the relevance of altruistic decisions to understanding vulnerability, as well as everyday psychosocial functioning, in MDD, their functional neuroanatomy is unknown.MethodsUsing a charitable donations experiment with fMRI, we compared 14 medication-free participants with fully remitted MDD and 15 demographically-matched control participants without MDD.ResultsCompared with the control group, the remitted MDD group exhibited enhanced BOLD response in a septal/subgenual cingulate cortex (sgACC) region for charitable donation relative to receiving simple rewards and higher striatum activation for both charitable donation and simple reward relative to a low level baseline. The groups did not differ in demographics, frequency of donations or response times, demonstrating only a difference in neural architecture.ConclusionsWe showed that altruistic decisions probe residual sgACC hypersensitivity in MDD even after symptoms are fully remitted. The sgACC has previously been shown to be associated with guilt which promotes altruistic decisions. In contrast, the striatum showed common activation to both simple and altruistic rewards and could be involved in the so-called “warm glow” of donation. Enhanced neural response in the depression group, in areas previously linked to altruistic decisions, supports the hypothesis of a possible association between hyper-altruism and depression vulnerability, as shown by recent epidemiological studies.

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“…Our findings suggest that central motor command [ie, M1; see Drew et al (15)] may remain intact after PI in adult rats, while fine-gait kinematics was altered. Several factors including mild muscular spasticity (58), abnormal activity of spinal central pattern generators (27) or aberrant motor efferent projections (25), such as the pontocerebellar tract (damaged in the present study), may have contributed to the mild locomotor dysfunctions we observed after PI.…”

Section: Impact Of Pi On Motor Function and Cortexmentioning

confidence: 62%

Neuroanatomical, Sensorimotor and Cognitive Deficits in Adult Rats with White Matter Injury Following Prenatal Ischemia

Delcour¹,

Olivier²,

Chambon³

et al. 2011

Brain Pathology

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Perinatal brain injury including white matter damage (WMD) is highly related to sensory, motor or cognitive impairments in humans born prematurely. Our aim was to examine the neuroanatomical, functional and behavioral changes in adult rats that experienced prenatal ischemia (PI), thereby inducing WMD. PI was induced by unilateral uterine artery ligation at E17 in pregnant rats. We assessed performances in gait, cognitive abilities and topographical organization of maps, and neuronal and glial density in primary motor and somatosensory cortices, the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, as well as axonal degeneration and astrogliosis in white matter tracts. We found WMD in corpus callosum and brainstem, and associated with the hippocampus and somatosensory cortex, but not the motor cortex after PI. PI rats exhibited mild locomotor impairments associated with minor signs of spasticity. Motor map organization and neuronal density were normal in PI rats, contrasting with major somatosensory map disorganization, reduced neuronal density, and a marked reduction of inhibitory interneurons. PI rats exhibited spontaneous hyperactivity in open-field test and short-term memory deficits associated with abnormal neuronal density in related brain areas. Thus, this model reproduces in adult PI rats the main deficits observed in infants with a perinatal history of hypoxia-ischemia and WMD.

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Neural compensation after early lesions: A clinical view of animal experiments

Cited by 11 publications

References 46 publications

Three‐dimensional sonographic calculation of the volume of intracranial structures in growth‐restricted and appropriate‐for‐gestational age fetuses

Three‐dimensional sonographic calculation of the volume of intracranial structures in growth‐restricted and appropriate‐for‐gestational age fetuses

Enhanced subgenual cingulate response to altruistic decisions in remitted major depressive disorder

Neuroanatomical, Sensorimotor and Cognitive Deficits in Adult Rats with White Matter Injury Following Prenatal Ischemia

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