Neural basis of approximate number system develops independent of visual experience

Abstract

Thinking about numerical quantities is an integral part of daily human life that is supported by the intraparietal sulcus (IPS). The IPS is recruited during mathematical calculation and neuronal populations within the IPS code for the quantity of items in a set. Is the developmental basis of IPS number representations rooted in visual experience? We asked if the IPS possesses population codes for auditory quantities in sighted individuals and, critically, whether it does in the absence of any visual experience in congenitally blind individuals. We found that sequences of 4, 8, 16 and 32 tones each elicited unique patterns of fMRI activity in the IPS of both sighted and congenitally blind individuals, such that the quantity a participant heard on a given trial could be reliably predicted based on the pattern of observed IPS activity. This finding suggests that the IPS number system is resilient to dramatic changes in sensory experience. 43 -72 36 8.99 Right subcentral gyrus and sulci 56 -13 16 8.79 Right precuneus 6 -72 48 8.54 Right inferior occipital gyrus and sulcus 45 -72 -7 8.49 Right middle temporal gyrus 64 -46 0 8.24 Right inferior temporal gyrus 56 -46 -23 7.95 Right straight gyrus 5 47 -17 7.65