Neural Bases of Addiction‐Related Impairments in Response Inhibition

Garavan, Hugh; Potter, Alexandra; Brennan, Katie; Foxe, John J.

doi:10.1002/9781118472415.ch2

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 157 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We found that poorer inhibitory control was indirectly associated with greater cannabis consumption and CUD symptoms through both increased O max and intensity, and poorer working memory was indirectly associated with greater cannabis consumption and greater CUD symptoms through lower elasticity. Our findings are consistent with previous studies demonstrating that poorer EFs are a risk factor for heavy cannabis use and CUD (Castellanos-Ryan & Conrod, 2020; Castellanos-Ryan et al, 2017; Cavalli et al, 2022; Squeglia et al, 2014) and substance use more broadly (Castellanos-Ryan & Conrod, 2020; Garavan et al, 2015; Koob & Volkow, 2010), extending this research by providing initial evidence for the role of cannabis demand as a potential mechanism in this link.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Indeed, prospective studies have found that poorer EFs during early adolescence predict earlier cannabis use initiation and greater cannabis use frequency in late adolescence and early adulthood (Castellanos-Ryan et al, 2017; Cavalli et al, 2022; Squeglia et al, 2014). This is consistent with the broader substance use literature suggesting that poorer EFs (and especially inhibitory control) confer an increased risk of substance use initiation, escalation to hazardous substance use, and continuation of substance use despite negative consequences (Castellanos-Ryan & Conrod, 2020; Garavan et al, 2015; Khurana et al, 2013; Koob & Volkow, 2010). Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which EFs may be associated with cannabis use and CUD.…”

Section: The Present Studysupporting

confidence: 89%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Executive functions and behavioral economic demand for cannabis among young adults: Indirect associations with cannabis consumption and cannabis use disorder.

Coelho,

Hendershot,

Aston

et al. 2024

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Behavioral economic demand for cannabis is robustly associated with cannabis consumption and cannabis use disorder (CUD). However, few studies have examined the processes underlying individual differences in the relative valuation of cannabis (i.e., demand). This study examined associations between executive functions and cannabis demand among young adults who use cannabis. We also examined indirect associations of executive functions with cannabis consumption and CUD symptoms through cannabis demand. Young adults (N = 113; 58.4% female; mean age 22 years) completed a Marijuana Purchase Task. Participants also completed cognitive tasks assessing executive functions (set shifting, inhibitory control, working memory) and semistructured interviews assessing past 90-day cannabis consumption (number of grams used) and number of CUD symptoms. Poorer inhibitory control was significantly associated with greater O max (peak expenditure on cannabis) and greater intensity (cannabis consumption at zero cost). Poorer working memory was significantly associated with lower elasticity (sensitivity of consumption to escalating cost). Lower inhibitory control was indirectly associated with greater cannabis consumption and CUD symptoms through greater O max and intensity, and poorer working memory was indirectly associated with greater cannabis consumption and CUD symptoms through reduced elasticity. This study provides novel evidence that executive functions are associated with individual differences in cannabis demand. Moreover, these results suggest that cannabis demand could be a mechanism linking poorer executive functioning with heavier cannabis use and CUD, which should be confirmed in future longitudinal studies. Public Health SignificanceThis study found that young adults who performed more poorly on cognitive tasks assessing working memory and inhibitory control had higher behavioral economic demand for cannabis. Further, poorer cognitive performance was indirectly associated with increased cannabis consumption and symptoms of cannabis use disorder through greater cannabis demand. Results suggest that cannabis demand may be an important mechanism linking certain cognitive deficits with cannabis use among young adults.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: The Present Studysupporting

confidence: 89%

Executive functions and behavioral economic demand for cannabis among young adults: Indirect associations with cannabis consumption and cannabis use disorder.

Coelho,

Hendershot,

Aston

et al. 2024

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Response inhibition, which is the ability to suppress prepotent, inappropriate responses to stimuli, thoughts, or emotions, is critical for successfully carrying out everyday tasks [25], and is considered one of the canonical components of executive control processing. When the stimulus, thought, or emotion to which a response needs to be inhibited must be simultaneously rehearsed in working memory, then inhibitory difficulty increases markedly, presumably because response inhibition and working memory compete for the allocation of common neural substrates [26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maintaining task performance levels under cognitive load while walking requires widespread reallocation of neural resources: A Mobile Brain-Body Imaging (MoBI) study

Patelaki

Foxe

McFerren

et al. 2023

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The neural underpinnings of increasing cognitive load during walking, despite being ubiquitous in everyday life, is still not fully understood. This study elucidates the neural mechanisms underlying increased cognitive load while walking, by employing 2 versions of a Go/NoGo response inhibition task, namely the 1-back Go/NoGo task and the more cognitively demanding 2-back Go/NoGo task, during sitting or walking on a treadmill. By using the Mobile Brain/Body Imaging (MoBI) modality, electroencephalographic (EEG) activity, three-dimensional (3D) gait kinematics and task-related behavioral responses were collected from 34 young adults for the 1-back Go/NoGo task and 34 young adults for the 2-back Go/NoGo task. Interestingly, increasing cognitive-inhibitory load from 1-back to 2-back Go/NoGo during walking was not associated with any detectable costs in response accuracy, response speed, or gait consistency; however, it came with attenuations in walking-related EEG amplitude changes during both successful inhibitions (correct rejections) and successful executions (hits) of the 'Go' motor response. During correct rejections, such attenuations were detected over frontal regions, during latencies related to sensory gain control, conflict monitoring and working memory storage and processing. During hits, attenuations were found over left-parietal regions, during latencies related to orienting attention to and selecting the 'Go' motor plan, as well as over central regions, during latencies linked to executing the 'Go' motor response. The pattern of attenuation in walking-related EEG amplitude changes, manifested by the 2-back Go/NoGo group, is thought to reflect more effortful recalibration of the above neural processes, a mechanism which might be a key driver of performance maintenance in the face of increased cognitive demands while walking. Overall, the present findings shed light on the extent of the neurocognitive capacity of young adults, thus revealing the employed methodology as promising for better understanding how factors such as aging or neurological disorders could impinge on this capacity.

show abstract