Neural activity during attention shifts between object features

Nagahama, Yasuhiro; Sadato, Norihiro; Katsumi, Yukinori; Hayashi, Takuya; Fukuyama, Hidenao; Kimura, Jun; Shibasaki, Hiroshi; Yonekura, Yoshiharu

doi:10.1097/00001756-199808030-00038

Cited by 56 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Presumably, impaired set-shifting in patients with PD results from an inability to efficiently inhibit competing responses (Taylor & Saint-Cyr, 1995). With regard to underlying cortical function, set-shifting abilities were previously described to be associated with DLPFC function (e.g., Nagahama et al, 1998). The dependent variable was total raw score.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Examination of Executive Dysfunction Associated with Frontostriatal Circuitry in Parkinson's Disease

Zgaljardic

Borod

Foldi

et al. 2006

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

164

122

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Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder presenting with subcortical pathology and characterized by motor deficits. However, as is frequently reported in the literature, patients with PD can also exhibit cognitive and behavioral (i.e., nonmotor) impairments, cognitive executive deficits and depression being the most prominent. Considerable attention has addressed the role that disruption to frontostriatal circuitry can play in mediating nonmotor dysfunction in PD. The three nonmotor frontostriatal circuits, which connect frontal cortical regions to the basal ganglia, originate from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). The objective of the current study was to use our understanding of frontostriatal circuit function (via literature review) to categorize neuropsychological measures of cognitive and behavioral executive functions by circuit. To our knowledge, such an approach has not been previously attempted in the study of executive dysfunction in PD. Neuropsychological measures of executive functions and self-report behavioral inventories, categorized by circuit function, were administered to 32 nondemented patients with Parkinson's disease (NDPD) and to 29 demographically matched, healthy normal control participants (NC). Our findings revealed significant group differences for each circuit, with the PD group performing worse than the NC group. Among the patients with PD, indices of impairment were greater for tasks associated with DLPFC function than with OFC function. Further, only an index of DLPFC test performance was demonstrated to significantly discriminate individuals with and without PD. In conclusion, our findings suggest that nondemented patients with PD exhibit greater impairment on neuropsychological measures associated with DLPFC than with ACC or OFC circuit function.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Examination of Executive Dysfunction Associated with Frontostriatal Circuitry in Parkinson's Disease

Zgaljardic

Borod

Foldi

et al. 2006

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

164

122

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Consistently across studies, the WCST evoked significant increases in bilateral blood flow to dorsolateral regions of the prefrontal cortex in comparison with the control task. In addition, broad networks of medial frontal and posterior brain areas were also activated, but somewhat less consistently across studies (see also Nagahama et al, 1996;Nagahama et al, 1999;Nagahama et al, 1998). 14 Set-shifting tasks that are similar to, but less complex than, the WCST also produce deficits that are specific to dPFC damage, at least for certain kinds of shifts (see, e.g., Cicerone, Lazar, & Shapiro, 1983;Delis, Squire, Bihrle, & Massman, 1992).…”

Section: Interference In Selective Attention Memory Retrieval and Smentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of prefrontal cortex in working-memory capacity, executive attention, and general fluid intelligence: An individual-differences perspective

Kane

Engle

2002

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

1,835

1,420

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“…Other computerized batteries, like the NES2, CogState and CANTAB have shifting attention tests. Color-shape tests like the SAT have also been used in cognitive imaging studies (Le, Pardo, & Hu, 1998;Nagahama et al, 1998). The SAT score is calculated by subtracting the number of errors from the number of correct responses.…”

Section: Neurocognitive Evaluation: the Cnt Batterymentioning

confidence: 99%

Husband-Wife Correlations in Neurocognitive Test Performance

Gualtieri¹

2013

PSYCH

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Spousal correlations are known to have a number of physical and mental characteristics, among which general mental ability is one of the strongest. IQ tests have ordinarily been used in studies of assortative mating, but in neurocognitive tests, less frequently. In this study, we examined spousal correlations in 76 husband-wife pairs using a computerized neuropsychological test battery. Significant spousal correlations occurred in the two most highly g-loaded tests, shifting attention and symbol digit coding, but not in the other tests or in any of the reaction time measures. The correlation between husbands and wives on the neurocognitive index, a summary score based on the individual tests and analogous to the IQ score, was even higher (r = .717). The pattern of spousal correlation described in IQ tests is thus replicated in a battery of neuropsychological tests. In a previous paper we reported positive correlations between first-degree relatives who were administered the CNT battery, and which occurred primarily in tests of complex information processing, SDC and SAT (Hervey, Greenfield, & Gualtieri, 2012). In this paper, we note that the same two tests contribute more strongly than any other tests to the high spousal correlation for neurocognition. There is a certain symmetry, then, between the cognitive skills that play into spouse selection and the cognitive skills that are inherited. A better word than symmetry might be inevitability. The findings of these studies suggest that computerized neurocognitive testing is an appropriate tool for studies of the genetics of cognition, that measures of processing speed are particularly salient and that the CNT is a suitable instrument. The advantages of computerized neurocognitive tests like the CNT include speed and efficiency, standard administration, suitability for repeated measures and elimination of scoring and transcription errors. Tests that are Internet-based like the CNT are amenable to centralized data collection and have flexibility in administration in different settings, even permitting the collection of data from remote sources. In genetic studies of cognition, where large numbers of subjects are necessary, this technology may also be inevitable.

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Neural activity during attention shifts between object features

Cited by 56 publications

References 8 publications

An Examination of Executive Dysfunction Associated with Frontostriatal Circuitry in Parkinson's Disease

An Examination of Executive Dysfunction Associated with Frontostriatal Circuitry in Parkinson's Disease

The role of prefrontal cortex in working-memory capacity, executive attention, and general fluid intelligence: An individual-differences perspective

Husband-Wife Correlations in Neurocognitive Test Performance

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