Neue Planktonorganismen aus Waldviertler Fischteichen I

Wawrik, Friederike

doi:10.1007/bf01279237

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…G. acidotum Nygaard was described from Danish ponds [40] . G. p. dohrni Wawrik was described from Austrian fish ponds [41] . Of these three, G. campaniforme is the only one that has not been observed since its original description outside the synonymy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Taxonomic Significance of Species That Have Only Been Observed Once: The Genus Gymnodinium (Dinoflagellata) as an Example

2012

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Taxonomists have been tasked with cataloguing and quantifying the Earth’s biodiversity. Their progress is measured in code-compliant species descriptions that include text, images, type material and molecular sequences. It is from this material that other researchers are to identify individuals of the same species in future observations. It has been estimated that 13% to 22% (depending on taxonomic group) of described species have only ever been observed once. Species that have only been observed at the time and place of their original description are referred to as oncers. Oncers are important to our current understanding of biodiversity. They may be validly described species that are members of a rare biosphere, or they may indicate endemism, or that these species are limited to very constrained niches. Alternatively, they may reflect that taxonomic practices are too poor to allow the organism to be re-identified or that the descriptions are unknown to other researchers. If the latter are true, our current tally of species will not be an accurate indication of what we know. In order to investigate this phenomenon and its potential causes, we examined the microbial eukaryote genus Gymnodinium. This genus contains 268 extant species, 103 (38%) of which have not been observed since their original description. We report traits of the original descriptions and interpret them in respect to the status of the species. We conclude that the majority of oncers were poorly described and their identity is ambiguous. As a result, we argue that the genus Gymnodinium contains only 234 identifiable species. Species that have been observed multiple times tend to have longer descriptions, written in English. The styles of individual authors have a major effect, with a few authors describing a disproportionate number of oncers. The information about the taxonomy of Gymnodinium that is available via the internet is incomplete, and reliance on it will not give access to all necessary knowledge. Six new names are presented – Gymnodinium campbelli for the homonymous name Gymnodinium translucens Campbell 1973, Gymnodinium antarcticum for the homonymous name Gymnodinium frigidum Balech 1965, Gymnodinium manchuriensis for the homonymous name Gymnodinium autumnale Skvortzov 1968, Gymnodinium christenum for the homonymous name Gymnodinium irregulare Christen 1959, Gymnodinium conkufferi for the homonymous name Gymnodinium irregulare Conrad & Kufferath 1954 and Gymnodinium chinensis for the homonymous name Gymnodinium frigidum Skvortzov 1968.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Taxonomic Significance of Species That Have Only Been Observed Once: The Genus Gymnodinium (Dinoflagellata) as an Example

2012

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“…These bacteria were later given the name Blastobacter henricii (Zavarzin, 1961). Since these early studies, numerous authors have reported the presence of the same or similar organisms (Planctomyes stranskae, P. subulatus, P. ferrimorula, P. condensatus, P. guttaeformis, P. crassus) from diverse habitats worldwide, including freshwater lakes, fish ponds, brackish water, aquarium water, marine sediments, forest brook, and seawater (Razumov, 1949;Ruttner, 1952;Wawrik, 1956;Zavarzin, 1960;Kahan, 1961;Skuja, 1964;Hortobaǵyi, 1965;Hirsch, 1968, Hirsch andRheinheimer, 1968;Hortobaǵyi, 1968;OLAH et al, 1972;Hirsch, 1974;Dedysh et al, 2020a). All these organisms were described based on morphological observations with stalks that are heavily encrusted with iron.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planctomycetes as Host-Associated Bacteria: A Perspective That Holds Promise for Their Future Isolations, by Mimicking Their Native Environmental Niches in Clinical Microbiology Laboratories

Kaboré

Godreuil

Drancourt

2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Traditionally recognized as environmental bacteria, Planctomycetes have just been linked recently to human pathology as opportunistic pathogens, arousing a great interest for clinical microbiologists. However, the lack of appropriate culture media limits our future investigations as no Planctomycetes have ever been isolated from patients’ specimens despite several attempts. Several Planctomycetes have no cultivable members and are only recognized by 16S rRNA gene sequence detection and analysis. The cultured representatives are slow-growing fastidious bacteria and mostly difficult to culture on synthetic media. Accordingly, the provision of environmental and nutritional conditions like those existing in the natural habitat where yet uncultured/refractory bacteria can be detected might be an option for their potential isolation. Hence, we systematically reviewed the various natural habitats of Planctomycetes, to review their nutritional requirements, the physicochemical characteristics of their natural ecological niches, current methods of cultivation of the Planctomycetes and gaps, from a perspective of collecting data in order to optimize conditions and the protocols of cultivation of these fastidious bacteria. Planctomycetes are widespread in freshwater, seawater, and terrestrial environments, essentially associated to particles or organisms like macroalgae, marine sponges, and lichens, depending on the species and metabolizable polysaccharides by their sulfatases. Most Planctomycetes grow in nutrient-poor oligotrophic environments with pH ranging from 3.4 to 11, but a few strains can also grow in quite nutrient rich media like M600/M14. Also, a seasonality variation of abundance is observed, and bloom occurs in summer-early autumn, correlating with the strong growth of algae in the marine environments. Most Planctomycetes are mesophilic, but with a few Planctomycetes being thermophilic (50°C to 60°C). Commonly added nutrients are N-acetyl-glucosamine, yeast-extracts, peptone, and some oligo and macro-elements. A biphasic host-associated extract (macroalgae, sponge extract) conjugated with a diluted basal medium should provide favorable results for the success of isolation in pure culture.

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“…A thermophilic form was found at 60ЊC in hot springs in Tiberias, Israel (21). Several Planctomyces species, such as P. condensatus (46), P. stranskae and P. subulatus (55), P. ferrimorula (56), P. gracilis, P. crassus, and P. guttaeformis (18), and Blastocaulis kljasmensis (62), were described. The identity of P. bekefii and B. sphaerica was described by Hirsch (14), who concluded that the name Planctomyces should have priority over Blastocaulis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Unraveling the extent of diversity within the order Planctomycetales

Ward

Rainey

Stackebrandt

et al. 1995

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The phylogenetic positions of 22 isolates that morphologically resemble members of the family Planctomycetaceae were determined by sequence analysis of genes coding for 16S rRNA. While nine and eight isolates could be assigned to the genera Planctomyces and Pirellula, respectively, three strains grouped near Isosphaera pallida and one strain was closely related to Gemmata obscuriglobus. No isolate was found to be related to a previously described species of any of the four genera at the species level. Morphological characters and sequence idiosyncrasies of genes coding for 16S rRNA of the isolates generally correlated with features described for the four genera to which the isolates could be assigned. One strain stands phylogenetically isolated and may be representative of a novel genus of the family. Comparison with environmental clone sequences representing planctomycetes in soil and water revealed that three of the novel isolates were related to one clone of soil origin, but no close relationships between clones and the other new strains were found. The study reveals that the biodiversity of planctomycetes is significantly greater than was previously determined.During the 1920s, Gimesi (9) described planktonic, colonyforming microorganisms consisting of threadlike forms which bore spherical structures. These features were interpreted as fungal hyphae and exospores, respectively; therefore, this organism was described as a fungus, Planctomyces bekefii. A decade later, Henrici and Johnson (11), unaware of Gimesi's work, observed morphologically similar organisms which they interpreted as bacteria. The name Blastocaulis sphaerica was proposed for these stalked forms. The authors also found spore-forming, drop-shaped, colony-forming, budding bacteria lacking a stalk, which they believed to be identical to Pasteuria ramosa (29). These bacteria were later renamed Blastobacter henricii (62).In the following decades, P. bekefii-like bacteria from middle and northern Europe (12,18,23,30,45,55), Java (34), India, and Vietnam (19) were repeatedly reported. Besides P. bekefii, other budding bacteria were observed in diverse aquatic habitats such as eutrophic freshwater lakes (17,23,31,32), fish ponds (18), brackish water (13, 17), aquarium water and marine sediments (17), and forest brook sediments (61). Stalkless organisms have been found in seawater (17) and freshwater lakes (15). A thermophilic form was found at 60ЊC in hot springs in Tiberias, Israel (21). Several Planctomyces species, such as P. condensatus (46), P. stranskae and P. subulatus (55), P. ferrimorula (56), P. gracilis, P. crassus, and P. guttaeformis (18), and Blastocaulis kljasmensis (62), were described. The identity of P. bekefii and B. sphaerica was described by Hirsch (14), who concluded that the name Planctomyces should have priority over Blastocaulis. The genus was restricted to ''spherical, oblong or pear-shaped bacteria with long and slender stalks when in the mature state.'' Consequently, organisms that lacked a stalk were excluded from the gen...

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Neue Planktonorganismen aus Waldviertler Fischteichen I

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

The Taxonomic Significance of Species That Have Only Been Observed Once: The Genus Gymnodinium (Dinoflagellata) as an Example

The Taxonomic Significance of Species That Have Only Been Observed Once: The Genus Gymnodinium (Dinoflagellata) as an Example

Planctomycetes as Host-Associated Bacteria: A Perspective That Holds Promise for Their Future Isolations, by Mimicking Their Native Environmental Niches in Clinical Microbiology Laboratories

Unraveling the extent of diversity within the order Planctomycetales

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