Neu-rodegeneration and neuroprotection in diabetic retinopathy

Maltsev, E.; Zborovskaya, A.; Dorokhova, A.

doi:10.31288/oftalmolzh201216772

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In hyperglycemia, pathological changes (e.g., diabetic nephropathy [2,16,17] and retinopathy) develop in many organs and body systems, resulting in complex functional alterations in these organs [3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another organ vulnerable to hyperglycemia is the eye, with diabetic retinopathy being the most dangerous diabetic ocular complication leading to impaired vision and blindness [3][4][5][6]. Capillary microocclusion and hyperpermeability contribute to this pathological process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the retina is metabolically highly active, ischemia may lead to irreversible damage to retinal neural elements and choroidal capillaries. Neurodegeneration is accompanied by neuronal apoptosis, glial dysfunction and an increased vascular permeability [3,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polymorphonuclear leukocytes contribute to vasoocclusive processes and endothelial cell injury in the diabetic choroid [12]. The presence of leukocytes in the lumen indicates uveal inflammation [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of experimental type 2 diabetes complicated by pyelonephritis on ltrastructural changes in the choroid, retina and nephrons

Borisov¹,

Kostiev²,

Borisov³

et al. 2022

Oftalmol Zh

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Background:The clinical and morphological picture of diabetic microangiopathy is rather specific. Diabetic retinal ischemia can lead to irreversible damage to retinal neural elements and choroidal capillaries. Diabetic nephropathy can lead to progressive renal dysfunction and chronic renal failure. Choroidal and retinal capillaries are structurally and functionally similar to those of the intestinal mucosa and renal tissue. Purpose: To assess vascular ultrastructural changes in the choroid, retina, and renal glomerular and tubular system in a rat model of pyelonephritis in the presence of type 2 diabetes. Material and Methods: Samples were obtained from 95 Wistar rats divided into three groups: group 1 (or control group) of 30 intact animals; group 2 of 15 animals with type 2 diabetes induced by intraperitoneal streptozotocin 15.0 mg/ kg for 5 consecutive days; and group 3 of 50 animals with acute pyelonephritis in the presence of type 2 diabetes (streptozotocin 35.0 mg/kg on 2 days spaced by a week). Acute pyelonephritis was induced by Escherichia coli administration (107 CFU/kg) rectally. The ultrastructure of rat choroidal, retinal and renal glomerular-and-tubular vessels was examined with electron microscopy (PEM-100-01 electron microscope). Results: In rats with induced type 2 diabetes, the most significant ocular vascular changes and renal vascular changes were found in endothelial cells. These changes included findings of vacuolar degeneration in some epithelial cells, basal membrane thickening and focal necrosis of individual epithelial cells. Vessel lumens appeared focally narrowed or expanded, with red blood cells forming clumps or sludge in lumens. Some capillaries were obliterated. These changes obviously caused secondary changes in the surrounding structures. Common ocular changes included focal destruction in retinal pigment epithelium cells, destruction of retinal photoreceptor inner segments and choroidal stromal edema. Common renal changes included destruction of the podocytes of the glomerular capillary network and homogenization of the basal membrane. Vascular ultrastructural changes in the renal glomerular system were more marked in rats with experimental type 2 diabetes and pyelonephritis than in those with type 2 diabetes only. Conclusion:Electron microscopy micrographs demonstrated the ultrastructural changes in the retinal and uveal vascular systems which were of a similar type to those in the renal glomerular-and-tubular system in rats with experimental pyelonephritis in the presence of type 2 diabetes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of experimental type 2 diabetes complicated by pyelonephritis on ltrastructural changes in the choroid, retina and nephrons

Borisov¹,

Kostiev²,

Borisov³

et al. 2022

Oftalmol Zh

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“…Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most severe complications of DM. Clinical and experimental studies have determined the structural changes in the ocular tissues in DR. Vascular changes (vessel wall defects, reduced capillary filling, neovascularization, and glial and retinal neuronal damage [1]) may be considered major structural changes in the ocular tissues in DR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural changes in the chorioretinal complex of the rat after inducing form-deprivation axial myopia only, diabetic retinopathy only and diabetic retinopathy in the presence of myopia

Mykheitseva¹,

Molchaniuk²,

Muhammad³

et al. 2021

Oftalmol Zh

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To determine the features of the microstructure of choreoretinal complex in rats with diabetes induced by streptozotocin in the presence of axial myopia. Material and Methods: Fifty-five Wistar rats (110 eyes; age, 2 weeks to 14 weeks) were used in experiments. Four groups were formed: group 1 (axial myopia only); group 2 (diabetes only); group 3 (both myopia and diabetes); and group 4 (controls; intact animals). High form-deprivation myopia was produced in two-week animals by surgically fusing the eyelids of both eyes and these animals were maintained under conditions of reduced illumination for two weeks to induce a more intense myopization of the globe. Eyelid sutures were removed on completion of these two weeks. Two weeks thereafter, type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced in rats with induced axial myopia and intact rats. A 50 mg/kg intraperitoneal streptozotocin injection for 5 days was used for this purpose. Elongated axial length and increased anterior chamber depth as measured by in vivo ultrasound were an objective criterion of the development of myopia in experimental animals. A glucose level of ≥ 4.5 mmol/L was a criterion of the development of diabetes. Two months after inducing diabetes, 14-week rats were sacrificed, and their eye tissue samples were processed by a routine method and assessed by electron microscopy. Ultrastructure of the choroid, RPE, and retinal photoreceptor cells were examined. Ultra-thin sections were cut, stained with lead citrate according to the procedure described by Reynolds, and observed with a PEM-100-01 Transmission Electron Microscope. Results: Our ultrastructural study found that myopization of the rat globe with elongation of the axial length somewhat reduced the severity of some ultrastructural changes in the choreoretinal complex in induced type 2 diabetes due to reduced choroidal swelling and dominance of compensatory processes with increased energy producing, protein synthesis and other functions in the endothelial vessels and choriocapillaries as well as RPE cells. Out findings seem to corroborate the concept that myopized eyes have capacity to somewhat buffer the development of severe diabetic retinopathy, likely due to some compensatory-andrestorative processes.

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Neu-rodegeneration and neuroprotection in diabetic retinopathy

Cited by 2 publications

References 25 publications

Effect of experimental type 2 diabetes complicated by pyelonephritis on ltrastructural changes in the choroid, retina and nephrons

Effect of experimental type 2 diabetes complicated by pyelonephritis on ltrastructural changes in the choroid, retina and nephrons

Ultrastructural changes in the chorioretinal complex of the rat after inducing form-deprivation axial myopia only, diabetic retinopathy only and diabetic retinopathy in the presence of myopia

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