Networks based on aromatic glycidylamines: 1. Effect of curing conditions on the crosslinking of N,N-diglycidylaniline with 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane and of N,N,N′,N′-tetraglycidyl-4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane with 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane

Zelenka, J.; Ilavský, M.; Špaček, Vladimír; Štokrová, Š.; Klaban, Jiři ́; Dušek, Karel

doi:10.1007/bf00657431

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This was found even after curing at 210°C, at which point all epoxy groups were consumed. The complete conversion of epoxy groups in comparable systems was also reported elsewhere 18…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

“…The complete conversion of epoxy groups in comparable systems was also reported elsewhere. 18 These results indicated that the effective degree of cure was much lower than that what would be expected from the residual epoxy content, at least at high curing temperatures. It was most likely that this was the result of side reactions of epoxy groups and thermal degradation of the resin that superposed the curing reaction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Some ether groups were already present in the raw materials, but their concentration did not increase during the cure. In addition, most of the etherification reactions did not contribute to the crosslink density and so had to be intramolecular 18…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, most of the etherification reactions did not contribute to the crosslink density and so had to be intramolecular. 18 In summary, the network defects in glycidylaminebased epoxies from cyclization are far fewer than those resulting from side reactions, a limited degree of cure, and thermal degradation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of cyclization and network defects in glycidylamine‐based epoxy networks by selective degradation

Stütz¹,

Tesch²

2003

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A special model system based on trimethylene glycol di(p-aminobenzoate) and its glycidyl derivative was evaluated to study the extent of cyclization in glycidylamine epoxies. The cured resins were degraded by alkaline hydrolysis, which left the cycles unaffected. The cycle concentration obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography was 15%. The oligomer distribution of the degradation products strongly indicated that up to 40% of the epoxy groups were lost to side reactions, and this resulted in a large number of structural defects in the network.

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“…This was found even after curing at 210°C, at which point all epoxy groups were consumed. The complete conversion of epoxy groups in comparable systems was also reported elsewhere 18…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Assessment of cyclization and network defects in glycidylamine‐based epoxy networks by selective degradation

Stütz¹,

Tesch²

2003

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…1,33–37 In contrast, in the NIR region above 4000 cm −1 , limited oscillators containing hydrogen atom(s), such as C–H, O–H, and N–H vibrations, are selectively observed due to anharmonicity. 1,2,38–44 In the mid-IR region, information about the ether bond moiety is observed, which is not the case in the NIR region. On the other hand, in the NIR region, information about the hydroxyl and the amino groups are separately observed, while they are highly overlapped in the mid-IR region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Step Curing Reaction of Epoxy Resin Studied by Thermal Analysis and Infrared Spectroscopy

Yamasaki

Morita

2012

Appl Spectrosc

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A curing reaction of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether epoxy resin with 4,4'-diaminodicyclohexyl methane hardener was investigated by means of modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. MDSC observation revealed that the curing process of the resin occurred in two steps. Mid-infrared and near-infrared spectra of the resin were measured as a function of temperature. The obtained spectra were analyzed by perturbation-correlation moving-window two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (PCMW2D-COS). The first step was revealed as a polymerization reaction among the oxirane group and primary and secondary amine groups, followed by etherification; the second step of the curing process occurred in the vicinity of the gelation point and was characterized by the growth of a three-dimensional cross-linking structure with tertiary amine and etherification of the hydroxyl group.

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Effect of etherification reaction on extraction and photoelastic and dynamic mechanical behavior of diepoxide–diamine networks

Vázquez

Ilavský

Dušek

1999

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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Sol fraction and equilibrium photoelastic and dynamic mechanical behavior of epoxide networks based on bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA) and poly(oxypropylene diamine) (Jeffamine D-400) with four initial molar ratios of epoxy (E) and amine ( A) groups, r E ϭ [E] 0 /(2[A] 0 ) ϭ 1.2, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.3 were investigated. Networks with different extents of total epoxy group conversions (including etherification), ␣ E , were prepared for each r E value. Both the ratio r E and the conversion ␣ E affected the value of the equilibrium modulus, G, and the weight fraction of the gel, w g . As expected, decreasing the r E ratio (at constant ␣ E ) and increasing ␣ E (at constant r E ) were accompanied by an increase in the modulus, G, and gel fraction, w g . The stress optical coefficient, C, is independent of ␣ E decreasing with increasing r E . The frequencytemperature superposition could be performed for all networks; the temperature dependence of the horizontal shift factor, a To , satisfied the WLF equation. The temperature and time positions of viscoelastic functions predominantly depend on the overall concentration of elastically active network chains e , regardless of the values of r E and ␣ E . While the shape of viscoelastic functions at the beginning of the main transition region depended on the detailed structure of the chain (number and length of pendant chains), the shape at the end of the transition was determined mainly by the concentration of elastically active network chains. An unexpected universal increase was found in the half-width of the maximum in the dependence of the superimposed loss compliance, J Љ p , on reduced frequency a T with increasing crosslinking density.

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Networks based on aromatic glycidylamines: 1. Effect of curing conditions on the crosslinking of N,N-diglycidylaniline with 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane and of N,N,N′,N′-tetraglycidyl-4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane with 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Assessment of cyclization and network defects in glycidylamine‐based epoxy networks by selective degradation

Assessment of cyclization and network defects in glycidylamine‐based epoxy networks by selective degradation

Two-Step Curing Reaction of Epoxy Resin Studied by Thermal Analysis and Infrared Spectroscopy

Effect of etherification reaction on extraction and photoelastic and dynamic mechanical behavior of diepoxide–diamine networks

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