This chapter presents the French didactic tradition. It first describes the emergence and development of this tradition according to four key features (role of mathematics and mathematicians, role of theories, role of design of teaching and learning environments, and role of empirical research), and illustrates it through 11 12 M. Artigue et al.two case studies respectively devoted to research carried out within this tradition on algebra and on line symmetry-reflection. It then questions the influence of this tradition through the contributions of four researchers from Germany, Italy, Mexico and Tunisia, before ending with a short epilogue.Keywords French didactics · Mathematics education · Anthropological theory of the didactic · Theory of didactical situations · Theory of conceptual fields · Didactic research on line symmetry · Didactic research on algebra · Didactic research on proof · Didactic interactions · Influence of French didactics This chapter is devoted to the French didactic tradition. Reflecting the structure and content of the presentation of this tradition during the Thematic Afternoon at ICME-13, it is structured into two main parts. The first part, the three first sections, describes the emergence and evolution of this tradition, according to the four key features selected to structure the presentation and comparison of the didactic traditions in France, Germany, Italy and The Netherlands at the congress, and illustrates these through two case studies. These focus on two mathematical themes continuously addressed by French researchers from the early eighties, geometrical transformations, more precisely line symmetry and reflection, and algebra. The second part is devoted to the influence of this tradition on other educational cultures, and the connections established, in Europe and beyond. It includes four sections authored by researchers from Germany, Italy, Mexico and Tunisia with first-hand experience of these interactions. Finally, the chapter ends with a short epilogue. Sections 2.